Chapter 3 Flashcards
Which animal is an ruminant?
Cows (4 stomachs)
What is a problem with the production of beef environmentally?
Production of gases and production of methane
How much beef do Canadians eat per person annually?
20 kg
What are the interventions farmers use for beef?
Vaccination Castration Dehorning Branding Ear tags
How long are beef penned for?
60 to 200 days
What are types of forage plants?
Timothy, bromegrass and fescues
Alphalfa and red clover
What are types of silage?
Barley and corn
What is in the feed grade grain given to beef?
Barley and corn (processed with fats and vitamins added)
By-products from other industries - bran, process plants
What are used to manage beef health?
Antibiotics - treat illness
Growth hormones - only used for beef in Canada (used to increase lean tissue and decrease fat)
What does FCR stand for?
Food conversion ratio
Types of operations for dairy
Tie stall operation
Free stall barns
What is the life cycle of the dairy cow?
Bred via insemination at 15 months
First calf at 2 years
Females entered milking herd
Milked 2 to 3 times per day
What do dairy cows eat?
Clover and alfalfa hay, ground oats, barely, corn and soybeans
How many dozen eggs does a Canadian consume per year?
21 dozen eggs
What are boilers?
Meat chickens
When do boilers hatch?
21 days after incubation
What do chickens eat?
88% grains and grain by products such as canola
10% meat and bone meal/vegetable fats
1.5% minerals and vitamins
What is free run?
Chickens can move around in a barn but do not have to be outside
What is free range?
Must have access to outdoors but no rule to how much
Hormone/Steroid free chickens means?
Used for marketing, all chickens are hormone and steroid free
What are farrowing pens?
Birthing pens for sows
How often do pigs give birth
Give birth twice a year to 8 - 12 piglets
What happens after piglets are born?
Nurse for two to four weeks
Dock tails, clip teeth and castrate males
What happens in a nursery barn?
Feeder pigs
Grain fed and kept in groups
Kept until 25 kg
What do pigs eat?
Corn, soybean and barley
What is Canada’s number 1 seafood export?
Lobster
What are types of shellfish?
Calms, mussels, squid, crabs, lobster, shrimp
What are groundfish?
Name 3 fish
Live on or near bottom of water
Cod, sole, halibut, flounder and haddock
What are pelagics?
Name 3 fish
“Open sea” fish
Ocean perch, pacific herring and pacific sardines
What fish do we output the most of?
Salmon 70%
Which province outputs the most aquaculture?
British Columbia
What do fish eat?
Depends on food chain
Includes fish meal and oil
In Canada, growth hormones are used in the production of:
Beef
An example of a Canadian anadromous fish is:
Salmon
The following is a common dairy cattle breed:
Holstein
The following is a common beef cattle breed
Hereford
Tie-stall operations can be found in the production of:
Dairy
Farrowing pens can be found in the production of:
Pork
An example of a Canadian “groundfish” is:
Cod
Most Canadian beef production occurs in:
Alberta
Laying chickens and broiler chickens are fed exactly the same diet.
False
The main legume crop included in Canadian forages is:
Alfalfa
Fermented plant material that is fed to livestock is called:
Silage
Feed Conversion Ratios are generally lowest for:
Salmon
The largest number of Canadian dairy farms occur in:
Quebec
Free Run chickens must have access to the outdoors.
False
In Canada, we obtain the largest quantity of fish and seafood landings from:
The Atlantic Ocean
The top Canadian seafood export is:
Lobster
A purse seine is particularly useful at catching large schools of pelagic fish.
True
Sea Scallops are caught using a:
Dredge
The top producing aquaculture species is:
Salmon
