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ENVS > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Which animal is an ruminant?

A

Cows (4 stomachs)

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2
Q

What is a problem with the production of beef environmentally?

A

Production of gases and production of methane

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3
Q

How much beef do Canadians eat per person annually?

A

20 kg

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4
Q

What are the interventions farmers use for beef?

A 
Vaccination
Castration
Dehorning
Branding
Ear tags
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5
Q

How long are beef penned for?

A

60 to 200 days

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6
Q

What are types of forage plants?

A

Timothy, bromegrass and fescues

Alphalfa and red clover

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7
Q

What are types of silage?

A

Barley and corn

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8
Q

What is in the feed grade grain given to beef?

A

Barley and corn (processed with fats and vitamins added)

By-products from other industries - bran, process plants

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9
Q

What are used to manage beef health?

A

Antibiotics - treat illness

Growth hormones - only used for beef in Canada (used to increase lean tissue and decrease fat)

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10
Q

What does FCR stand for?

A

Food conversion ratio

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11
Q

Types of operations for dairy

A

Tie stall operation

Free stall barns

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12
Q

What is the life cycle of the dairy cow?

A

Bred via insemination at 15 months
First calf at 2 years
Females entered milking herd
Milked 2 to 3 times per day

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13
Q

What do dairy cows eat?

A

Clover and alfalfa hay, ground oats, barely, corn and soybeans

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14
Q

How many dozen eggs does a Canadian consume per year?

A

21 dozen eggs

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15
Q

What are boilers?

A

Meat chickens

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16
Q

When do boilers hatch?

A

21 days after incubation

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17
Q

What do chickens eat?

A

88% grains and grain by products such as canola
10% meat and bone meal/vegetable fats
1.5% minerals and vitamins

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18
Q

What is free run?

A

Chickens can move around in a barn but do not have to be outside

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19
Q

What is free range?

A

Must have access to outdoors but no rule to how much

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20
Q

Hormone/Steroid free chickens means?

A

Used for marketing, all chickens are hormone and steroid free

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21
Q

What are farrowing pens?

A

Birthing pens for sows

22
Q

How often do pigs give birth

A

Give birth twice a year to 8 - 12 piglets

23
Q

What happens after piglets are born?

A

Nurse for two to four weeks

Dock tails, clip teeth and castrate males

24
Q

What happens in a nursery barn?

A

Feeder pigs
Grain fed and kept in groups
Kept until 25 kg

25
Q

What do pigs eat?

A

Corn, soybean and barley

26
Q

What is Canada’s number 1 seafood export?

A

Lobster

27
Q

What are types of shellfish?

A

Calms, mussels, squid, crabs, lobster, shrimp

28
Q

What are groundfish?

Name 3 fish

A

Live on or near bottom of water

Cod, sole, halibut, flounder and haddock

29
Q

What are pelagics?

Name 3 fish

A

“Open sea” fish

Ocean perch, pacific herring and pacific sardines

30
Q

What fish do we output the most of?

A

Salmon 70%

31
Q

Which province outputs the most aquaculture?

A

British Columbia

32
Q

What do fish eat?

A

Depends on food chain

Includes fish meal and oil

33
Q

In Canada, growth hormones are used in the production of:

A

Beef

34
Q

An example of a Canadian anadromous fish is:

A

Salmon

35
Q

The following is a common dairy cattle breed:

A

Holstein

36
Q

The following is a common beef cattle breed

A

Hereford

37
Q

Tie-stall operations can be found in the production of:

A

Dairy

38
Q

Farrowing pens can be found in the production of:

A

Pork

39
Q

An example of a Canadian “groundfish” is:

A

Cod

40
Q

Most Canadian beef production occurs in:

A

Alberta

41
Q

Laying chickens and broiler chickens are fed exactly the same diet.

A

False

42
Q

The main legume crop included in Canadian forages is:

A

Alfalfa

43
Q

Fermented plant material that is fed to livestock is called:

A

Silage

44
Q

Feed Conversion Ratios are generally lowest for:

A

Salmon

45
Q

The largest number of Canadian dairy farms occur in:

A

Quebec

46
Q

Free Run chickens must have access to the outdoors.

A

False

47
Q

In Canada, we obtain the largest quantity of fish and seafood landings from:

A

The Atlantic Ocean

48
Q

The top Canadian seafood export is:

A

Lobster

49
Q

A purse seine is particularly useful at catching large schools of pelagic fish.

A

True

50
Q

Sea Scallops are caught using a:

A

Dredge

51
Q

The top producing aquaculture species is:

A

Salmon

ENVS (9 decks)

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