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ENVS > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Define agricultural sustainability

A

“…improving the quality of human life while living within the carrying capacity of supporting eco-systems

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2
Q

What are the four key principles of sustainable agriculture?

A
  1. Integrate biological and ecological processes
  2. Minimize use of non-renewable inputs
  3. Make productive use of the knowledge and skills of farmers
  4. Make productive use of peoples collective capacities to work together
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3
Q

What are the 4 dimensions of SAFA?

A
  • Governance
  • Environment
  • Social
  • Economy
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4
Q

What does SAFA stand for?

A

Sustainability Assessment of Food and Agricultural Systems

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5
Q

How many sub-themes and indicators are there in SAFA?

A

58 sub-themes

118 indicators

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6
Q

What are some of the sub-themes of environmental integrity?

A 
Atmosphere
Water
Land
Biodiversity
Materials and energy
Animal welfare
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7
Q

What are some best practices for GHG mitigation processes?

A
  • Soil fertility management
  • Reduced/zero tillage
  • Thermal screens in greenhouses
  • Use of less intensive GHG emissions transportation
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8
Q

What are some unacceptable practices for GHG mitigation processes?

A

Application of high rates of fertilizers
Land - use changes
Practice of burning of residues

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9
Q

What are some best practices for water conservation?

A

Mulching
Efficient irrigation techniques
Implementation of re-circulating aquaculture systems

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10
Q

What are some unacceptable practices for water conservation?

A

Inefficient or not regularly maintained irrigation systems

Inefficient use of water for handling and processing purposes

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11
Q

How do you measure soil’s chemical quality?

A

Soil pH
Salinity
Nutrients

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12
Q

How do you measure soils biological quality?

A

Abundance of certain organisms

Activity of micro-organisms (soil respiration)

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13
Q

What are some ecosystem enhancing best practices?

A

Agroforestry
Mixed crop-livestock systems
Mixed rice-fish system
Intercropping

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14
Q

What does freedom from stress mean?

A

Freedom from hunger and thirst; from discomfort; from pain, injury and disease; from fear and distress; and freedom to express normal behaviour

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15
Q

What is the agrarian philosophy?

A

Agriculture has an additional function beyond providing food, feed, fibre and fuel

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16
Q

What is the industrial philosophy?

A

A sector of an industrial society where products are produced at the lowest cost and provide sufficient food, feed, fibre and fuel

17
Q

What are some extensive agriculture systems?

A

Small amounts of labour and capital relative to land area

Yield depends on the natural fertility of the soil, terrain, climate and availability of water

18
Q

What is an intensive system?

A

Large amounts of labour and capital
Use of fertilizers, insecticides, fungicides and herbicides
High-efficiency machinery
Irrigation equipment

19
Q

What is intensification?

A

Intensification using natural, social and human capital assets, combined with the use of best available technologies and inputs (best ecological management, best genetic varieties, etc.) that minimize or eliminate harm to the environment

20
Q

What are some activities to improve productivity and sustainability?

A 
Soil management
Crop and vegetation diversity management 
Water management 
Nutrient management 
Weeds, pest and disease management
21
Q

What is integrated aquaculture?

A

Incorporating fish, shrimp etc, into farm systems

22
Q

What is permaculture?

A

Creative design process based on ethics and design principles; mimic the patterns and relationships we can find in nature; can be applied to all aspects of human habitation, from agriculture to ecological building

23
Q

The three pillars of sustainability are considered to be:

A

Environment, Economy, and Society

24
Q

The Sustainability Assessment of Food and Agriculture Systems (SAFA) talks about four dimensions of sustainability assessment which include good governance, environmental integrity, social wellbeing, and economic resilience. Within the environmental dimension there are six themes, these are:

A

Atmosphere, Water, Land, Materials & Energy, Biodiversity, and Animal Welfare

25
Q

Permaculture is a type of agriculture that involves the use of permanent pastures.

A

False

26
Q

Dan Barber discusses a fish farm in Spain that measures its success by the health of its:

A

Flamingoes

27
Q

The Spanish fish farm discussed by Dan Barber would be considered to be an ________ agricultural system.

A

Extensive

28
Q

The Meriam Library’s CRAAP test can be used to evaluate:

A

Evidence

29
Q

The freedom to express normal behaviour is an important indicator of good animal welfare.

A

True

30
Q

Pollination is considered to be an ecosystem services

A

True

31
Q

Precision Agriculture relies on the use of:

A

Satellites

32
Q

Negative impacts of agriculture on the environment are often called Negative Externalities

A

True

33
Q

Martin Crawford states that his forest garden is able to feed approximately __________ the number of people that can be fed from the same amount of land under conventional agriculture.

A

Double

34
Q

Earthworms are considered to be an indicator of poor soil quality

A

False

ENVS (9 decks)

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