Chapter 8

Question 1

Men who had been born in Spain

Answer 1

Peninsulares

Question 2

Spaniards born in Latin America

Answer 2

Creoles

Question 3

Persons of mixed European and African ancestry

Answer 3

Mulattos

Question 4

Liberator of Argentina, Chile, and Peru

Answer 4

José de San martín

Question 5

Gave Venezuela it’s independence

Answer 5

Simón Bolívar

Question 6

Priest in a small village of Dolores, who called for rebellion against spanish with the “the cry of Dolores”

Answer 6

Miguel Hidalgo

Question 7

Took command of the rebellion after Hidalgo died, controlled all southern Mexico except the largest cities

Answer 7

Padre José María Morelos

Question 8

Wealthy property owners and nobility

Answer 8

Conservatives

Question 9

Mostly middle class business leaders and merchants

Answer 9

Liberals

Question 10

Favored drastic change to extend democracy to the people as a whole.

Answer 10

Radicals

Question 11

The belief that one’s great loyalty should not be to a king or an empire but to a nation of people who share a common culture and history.

Answer 11

Nationalism

Question 12

When a nation has its own independent government

Answer 12

Nation-state

Question 13

Region that included all or parts of present day Greece, Albania, Bulgaria, Romania, and turkey

Answer 13

The Balkans

Question 14

Nephew of Napoleon who took the title of emperor Napoleon III. He built railroads, and encouraged industrialization

Answer 14

Louis-Napoleon

Question 15

Nicholas’s son who decided to move Russia towards modernization and social change

Answer 15

Alexander II

Question 16

Victor Emmanuel’s prime minister who was wealthy, middle aged, who worked tirelessly to expand piedmont Sardinia’s power

Answer 16

Camilo di Cavour

Question 17

Bold and romantic solider who lead a small army of Italian nationalists

Answer 17

Giuseppe Garibaldi

Question 18

Followers of nationalist leader Giuseppe Garibaldi

Answer 18

Red shirts

Question 19

A conservative junker who was Wilhem’s prime minister

Answer 19

Otto von Bismarck

Question 20

The policy of reality

Answer 20

Realpolitik

Question 21

emperor

Answer 21

Kaiser

Question 22

A movement of art and ideas

Answer 22

Romanticism

Question 23

Idea that tried to show life as it is, not as it should be

Answer 23

Realism

Question 24

A movement in painting, in which artists reacted against realism by seeking to convey their impressions or subjects or moments in time

Answer 24

Impressionism

Question 25

What caused the creoles in South America to rebel against Spain?👁‍🗨

Answer 25

The demanded freedom because they were unhappy with the way that they were being governed. They had developed their own sense of culture and uniqueness and didn't want their country as a colony of Spain.// creoles didn’t feel loyalty because he was French not Spanish

Question 26

What role did Agustin de Iturbide play in the independence of Mexico and of the countries of Central America?

Answer 26

Austín de Iturbide killed José María Morelos in 1815. | he was against the revolution, led the revolution.

Question 27

Who was Dom Pedro, and what role did he play in Brazil's move to independence?

Answer 27

Dom Pedro was the one who was asked to rule by 8000 Brazilians. He agreed and in September 7, 1822 declared Brazils independence.

Question 28

How successful were the revolts of 1848? Explain.👁‍🗨

Answer 28

Not very successful due to the larger party. The Democrats, started taking their successful parts and making them their own.

Question 29

Why did the French accept Louis-Napoleon as an emperor?👁‍🗨

Answer 29

They were tired of a weak government and they wanted a strong leader.

Question 30

How did nationalism in the 1800s work as a force for both disunity and unity?👁‍🗨

Answer 30

Nationalism- unity: helped merged poetically divided nations. Disunity- two different cultures tried to break away front the main country// disunity-nationalists weren’t loyal to kings but their people. Unity- believed they should be united under one government

Question 31

What approaches did Camilo di Cavour use to try to acquire more territory for piedmont-Sardinia?

Answer 31

Became allies with France to help drive Austria out of the northern provinces

Question 32

What strategy did Otto von Bismarck use to try to make Prussia the leader of a united Germany?

Answer 32

He provoked Austria and France into separate wars, reasoning the 2 would unite the German people behind Prussia all the people would unite under one cause,

Question 33

What are two ideas of attitudes of the romantic movement that reflect the ideals of nationalism?

Answer 33

Emphasized inner feelings, emotions, and imagination Focused on mysterious and supernatural Loved the beauties of untamed nature

Question 34

What new conditions caused a change in the arts from romanticism to realism?

Answer 34

The rapid industrialization brought bad working conditions to many who lived in dirty crowded cities, shining a light on reality.// The first practical photographers. English novelists creating unforgettable characters and scenes.