Chapter 8 Flashcards
Men who had been born in Spain
Peninsulares
Spaniards born in Latin America
Creoles
Persons of mixed European and African ancestry
Mulattos
Liberator of Argentina, Chile, and Peru
José de San martín
Gave Venezuela it’s independence
Simón Bolívar
Priest in a small village of Dolores, who called for rebellion against spanish with the “the cry of Dolores”
Miguel Hidalgo
Took command of the rebellion after Hidalgo died, controlled all southern Mexico except the largest cities
Padre José María Morelos
Wealthy property owners and nobility
Conservatives
Mostly middle class business leaders and merchants
Liberals
Favored drastic change to extend democracy to the people as a whole.
Radicals
The belief that one’s great loyalty should not be to a king or an empire but to a nation of people who share a common culture and history.
Nationalism
When a nation has its own independent government
Nation-state
Region that included all or parts of present day Greece, Albania, Bulgaria, Romania, and turkey
The Balkans
Nephew of Napoleon who took the title of emperor Napoleon III. He built railroads, and encouraged industrialization
Louis-Napoleon
Nicholas’s son who decided to move Russia towards modernization and social change
Alexander II
Victor Emmanuel’s prime minister who was wealthy, middle aged, who worked tirelessly to expand piedmont Sardinia’s power
Camilo di Cavour
Bold and romantic solider who lead a small army of Italian nationalists
Giuseppe Garibaldi
Followers of nationalist leader Giuseppe Garibaldi
Red shirts
A conservative junker who was Wilhem’s prime minister
Otto von Bismarck
The policy of reality
Realpolitik
emperor
Kaiser
A movement of art and ideas
Romanticism
Idea that tried to show life as it is, not as it should be
Realism
A movement in painting, in which artists reacted against realism by seeking to convey their impressions or subjects or moments in time
Impressionism
What caused the creoles in South America to rebel against Spain?👁🗨
The demanded freedom because they were unhappy with the way that they were being governed. They had developed their own sense of culture and uniqueness and didn’t want their country as a colony of Spain.// creoles didn’t feel loyalty because he was French not Spanish
What role did Agustin de Iturbide play in the independence of Mexico and of the countries of Central America?
Austín de Iturbide killed José María Morelos in 1815.
he was against the revolution, led the revolution.
Who was Dom Pedro, and what role did he play in Brazil’s move to independence?
Dom Pedro was the one who was asked to rule by 8000 Brazilians. He agreed and in September 7, 1822 declared Brazils independence.
How successful were the revolts of 1848? Explain.👁🗨
Not very successful due to the larger party. The Democrats, started taking their successful parts and making them their own.
Why did the French accept Louis-Napoleon as an emperor?👁🗨
They were tired of a weak government and they wanted a strong leader.
How did nationalism in the 1800s work as a force for both disunity and unity?👁🗨
Nationalism- unity: helped merged poetically divided nations. Disunity- two different cultures tried to break away front the main country// disunity-nationalists weren’t loyal to kings but their people.
Unity- believed they should be united under one government
What approaches did Camilo di Cavour use to try to acquire more territory for piedmont-Sardinia?
Became allies with France to help drive Austria out of the northern provinces
What strategy did Otto von Bismarck use to try to make Prussia the leader of a united Germany?
He provoked Austria and France into separate wars, reasoning the 2 would unite the German people behind Prussia all the people would unite under one cause,
What are two ideas of attitudes of the romantic movement that reflect the ideals of nationalism?
Emphasized inner feelings, emotions, and imagination
Focused on mysterious and supernatural
Loved the beauties of untamed nature
What new conditions caused a change in the arts from romanticism to realism?
The rapid industrialization brought bad working conditions to many who lived in dirty crowded cities, shining a light on reality.// The first practical photographers. English novelists creating unforgettable characters and scenes.
