Chapter 7 Flashcards
The system of feudalism left over from Middle Ages
Old Regime
Large social classes
Estates
1774 France king who was very weak and borrowed a lot of money during American Revolution
Louis XVI
Louis XVI’s wife who refused to wear tight clothing styles and instead wore a loose cotton dress
Marie Antoinette
An assembly of representatives from all three estates
Estates-General
Third Estate name; they passed laws and reformed in the name of French people
National Assembly
Pledge made by third estate delegates which stated: to stay until they had drawn up a new constitution
Tennis Court Oath
A wave of senseless panic in France
Great Fear
Document that states men are born and remain free and equal in rights
Declaration of the rights of man
Assembly that had the power to create laws and approve or prevent any War the king declared
Legislative Assembly
Nobles and others who had fled France during the peasant uprising
Émigrés
Radical group made of Parisian wage-earners and small shopkeepers
Sans-culottes
A beheading machine
Guillotine
Caused reign of terror, leader of committee of public safety
Maximilien Robespierre
COMMITTEE established during French Revolution to identify enemies of the republic
Committee of public safety
Period when maximilien ruled France as dictator and thousand of people were executed
Reign of terror
Man recognized as one of the world’s greatest military geniuses, leader of France who had a plan to become dictator
Napoleon Bonaparte
seizure of power, known as coup from the French phrase…
Coup d’etat
Vote of the people
Plebiscite
Government run public schools
Lycées
Agreement
Concordat
Napoleons comprehensive system of laws
Napoleonic code
The only battle Napoleon lost against Britain
Battle of Trafalgar
Forcible closing of ports
Blockade
System that was supposed to make continental Europe more self-sufficient
Continental System
Bands of Spanish peasant fighters
Guerrillas
Conflict between Spanish and British fought to drive Napoleon’s troops out of Spain
Peninsular war
Burning grain fields and slaughtering livestock so as to leave nothing behind that the emery could eat
Scorched-earth policy
Battle in the village of __________, Belgium
Waterloo
Period when Napoleon made his last bid of power, deposing the French king and again becoming emperor of France
Hundred days
Series of meetings in Vienna
Congress of Vienna
Foreign minister of Austria
Klemens von Metternich
Political situation in which no one nation is powerful enough to pose a threat to others
Balance of power
Agreeing that as many as possible of the rulers whom Napoleon had driven out of their thrones should be restored into power
Legitimacy
Series of alliances devised by Metternich, assuring that nations would help one another if any revolution broke out
Concert of Europe
League of European nations formed by leaders of Russia, Austria, and Prussia after congress of Vienna
Holy Alliance
Why were the members of the Third Estate dissatisfied with their way of life under the Old Regime?
Urban workers had a very low pay and would starve if bread prices rose and they were taxed on everything
Why was the fall of the Bastille important to the French People?
it was a great symbolic act of revolution to the french people, it symbolized the strength of the Revolution.
What political reforms resulted from the French Revolution?
Equal justice, freedom of religion, freedom of speech
What was the Reign of Terror, and how did it end?
the period of the French Revolution when thousands of people were killed for affiliation with nobles, Maximilien was beheaded.
What reforms did Napoleon introduce?
goverment ruled public school system called the lycees, napolianic code,a national banking system
What steps did Napoleon take to create an empire in Europe?
First Napoleon gained public fame through military feats, then dissolved the Directory with a coup, and then became the First Consul, and finally Dictator.
What factors led to Napoleon’s defeat in Russia?
There troops were starving, sick from the cold, Russian raiders constantly attacked them, and both the British and Prussian Guerrilla attacks.
Why were the European allies able to defeat Napoleon in 1814 and again in 1815?
European allies were able to defeat Napoleon’s armies had been hastily filled with untrained soldiers.
What were Metternich’s three goals at the Congress of Vienna?
French would not attack again, balance of power, legitimacy
How did the Congress of Vienna ensure peace in Europe?
It created new nations, Concert of Europe was created.
