Chapter 6

Question 1

A new way of thinking about the natural world

Answer 1

Scientific Revolution

Question 2

Man who reasoned that the stars, the earth, and the other planets revolved around the sun

Answer 2

Nicolaus Copernicus

Question 3

Sun-centered theory

Answer 3

Heliocentric theory

Question 4

Man who concluded that the planets revolve around the sun in elliptical orbits

Answer 4

Johannes Kepler

Question 5

Used telescope to study the heavens

Answer 5

Galileo Galilei

Question 6

A logical procedure for gathering and testing ideas

Answer 6

Scientific method

Question 7

An English politician and writer who had a passionate interest in science

Answer 7

Francis Bacon

Question 8

An 18th-century European movement in which thinkers attempted to apply the principles of reason and the scientific method to all aspects of society.

Answer 8

Enlightenment

Question 9

The agreement by which people define and limit their individual rights, thus creating an organized society or government

Answer 9

Social contract

Question 10

Positive view on human nature. Believed people can learn from mistakes. Believed that people had natural rights and liberty

Answer 10

John Locke

Question 11

The rights all people are born with life liberty and prosperity

Answer 11

Natural rights

Question 12

France man who developed analytical geometry which linked algebra and geometry

Answer 12

Reńe Descartes

Question 13

English scientist who helped bring together their breakthroughs under a single theory of motion

Answer 13

Issac Newton

Question 14

Keep going

Answer 14

You got this

Question 15

Regular social gatherings held by wealthy women in Paris

Answer 15

Salons

Question 16

A grand, ornate style

Answer 16

Baroque

Question 17

New classical style

Answer 17

Neoclassical

Question 18

Monarchs who became Absolute rulers and embraced new ideas that reflected the enlightenment

Answer 18

Enlightened despots

Question 19

The ruler most admired by the philosophes who ruled Russia from 1762-1796

Answer 19

Catherine the great

Question 20

Document based on ideas of John Locke written by Thomas Jefferson

Answer 20

Declaration of Independence

Question 21

According to Ptolemy, what was the earth’s position in the universe? How did Copernicus’s view differ? Which did Kepler’s observations support?

Answer 21

In the Ptolemaic model, the sun revolved around the Earth, while in the Copernicus model, the earth revolves around the sun. Kepler said that the planets revolve in elliptical orbits around the sun.

Question 22

What are the four steps of the scientific method?

Answer 22

observation, hypothesis, experiment, and analysis

Question 23

What four new instruments emerged in the Scientific Revolution? what was the purpose of each?

Answer 23

microscope (view minute objects), barometer (measure Atm. pressure), Fahrenheit thermometer (measure heat), Celsius thermometer (measure heat)

Question 24

How did the ideas of Hobbes and Locke differ?

Answer 24

Hobbes believed that humans were selfish and wicked while Locke believed that humans learned from experience

Question 25

What did Montesquieu admire about the government of Britain?

Answer 25

Montesquieu admired that the English government was divided into 3 branches so that one group doesn't have too much power.

Question 26

How did the Enlightenment lead to a more secular outlook?

Answer 26

changed the way people thought about gov., religion, society, and human values

Question 27

What were three developments in the arts during the Enlightenment?

Answer 27

Salons, Baroque art, Neoclassical art

Question 28

What reforms did the enlightened despots make?

Answer 28

to strengthen their power such as higher relies tolerance, lower censorship, and more rights

Question 29

Why did the Article of Confederation result in a weak national government?

Answer 29

The states weren't united enough, and the national government wasn't strong enough. The states didn't follow national laws.

Question 30

How did the writers of the U.S. Constitution put into practice the idea of separation of powers? A system of checks and balances?

Answer 30

the distribution of governmental control between three separate but equal branches. checks and balanced allowed for each branch to check the power of either other branch.

Question 31

Woman who published an essay called “A Vindication of the rights of woman” in 1792

Answer 31

Mary Wollstonecraft

Question 32

Division among different branches

Answer 32

Separation of powers

Question 33

French writer who balanced government power into three groups.

Answer 33

Montesquieu

Question 34

Francois Marie Arouet’s pen name

Answer 34

Voltaire

Question 35

French word for philosophers

Answer 35

Philosophes

Question 36

Life, liberty, and property are...

Answer 36

Natural rights

Question 37

Philosopher who believed that people could learn from experience and improve themselves

Answer 37

John Locke

Question 38

Agreement in which people gave up their rights to a stronger ruler to gain law and order

Answer 38

Social contract

Question 39

18th century European movement in which thinkers attempted to apply all principles of reason and the scientific method to all aspects of society

Answer 39

Enlightenment

Question 40

Writer of Declaration of Independence

Answer 40

Thomas Jefferson

Question 41

Each branch checking the actions of the other two

Answer 41

Checks and balances

Question 42

System in which power was divided between national and state governments

Answer 42

Federal system

Question 43

Ten amendments in constitution

Answer 43

Bill of Rights

Question 44

Philosophes

Answer 44

Believed that people could apply reason to all aspects of life

Question 45

Voltaire

Answer 45

Philosopher who’s real name was Francois and published political books.

Question 46

Separation of powers

Answer 46

Division of power among the different branches

Question 47

Mary Wollenstonecraft

Answer 47

Argued for women’s rights and wrote “a vindication of the rights of a woman”