Chapter 5 Flashcards
Son who inherited Spain, the spanish Netherlands, and the American colonies
Philip II
Kings or queens who believed that all power within state’s boundaries rested in their hands
Absolute monarchs
The idea that god created every aspect of society
Divine right
Declaration of religious toleration in 1598
Edict of Nantes
Louis XIII put this person into power because he was a weak ruler
Cardinal Richelieu
The idea that nothing can ever be known for certain
Skepticism
The most powerful ruler in French history- said “that the state were one and the same”
Louis XIV
People who collect taxes and administered justice
Intendants
Louis XIV’s minister of finance
Jean Baptiste Colbert
A conflict in which a number of European states fought to prevent the bourbon family from controlling Spain as well as France
War of Spanish Succession
A conflict over religion, territory, and power among European ruling families
Thirty years’ war
Young woman who while in throne face many years of war. She also was very religious, cared for peasants, and limited the amount of work nobles forced peasants to do
Maria Theresa
A man who was practical and atheistic. He also never cared for the woman he married. He died without a son as well.
Fredrick the great
War between France and Austria
Seven years’ war
Man who was king when he was three, in 1533 who also caused the bad period
Ivan the terrible
Russia’s landowning nobles
Boyars
One of Russia’s greatest reformers
Peter the great
Using Western Europe as a model for change
Westernization
King who always needed money, in part because he was at war with France and Spain
Charles I
War between royalist and puritans
1642-1649
English civil war
1644, puritans General who defeated the cavaliers
Oliver Cromwell
The period of Charles II reign was called..
Restoration
1679 law that gave every prisoner the right to obtain a writ or document ordering that they could be brought before a judge
Habeas Corpus
The bloodless overthrow of James II in 1688 was called..
Glorious Revolution
Where laws limited the rulers power
Constitutional monarchy
Group of government ministers
Cabinet
What three actions demonstrated that Philip II of Spain saw himself as a defender of Catholicism?
He fought Muslim Ottoman Empire, sent Armada against Protestant England, fought Protestantism in the Netherlands.
According to French writer Jean Bodin, should a prince share power with anyone else? Explain why or why not.
No, because if he does, he becomes that person’s subject and he would not have absolute power
What strategies did Louis XIV use to control the French nobility?
He used intendants (people who collect taxes) and forces nobles to live at Versailles.
In what ways did Louis XIV cause suffering to the French people?
He ran up huge debts, fought unpopular wars, and imposed heavy taxes.
What were six results of the Peace of Westphalia?
Weakened Hapsburger Austria and Spain, strengthened France with Cardinal Richelieu hopping on Protestant side at right time, made German princes independent of the Holy Roman emperor, ended religious wars of Europe (for a while), introduced new method of negotiating peace, established modern more equal state system of Europe.
Why did Mania Theresa and Fredrick the Great fight two wars against each other?
They were battling over territory and to defend/help allies.
What were three differences between Russia and western Europe?
Russian serfdom was firmly implanted, Russian people knew little of the Renaissance, Russians were Eastern Orthodox.
What was Peter the Great’s primary goal for Russia?
To westernize Russia so that the country could compete militarily and commercially with Western Europe.
List the causes, participants, and outcome of the English Civil War?
Royalists and Puritans fought over religion, money and the extent of the king’s power. The Puritans won and tried and beheaded Charles I.
How did Parliament try to limit the power of the English monarchy?
By refusing to grant funds, it forced Charles to sign the Petition of Right; Parliament rulers invited Protestant rulers William and Mary to rule as partners of Parliament; drafted a Bill of Rights.
