Chapter 8

Question 1

triacylglycerols

Answer 1

storage lipids in animals and plants

-fatty acid esters of glycerol

Question 2

conjugated double bond

Answer 2

usual; singlesbonds separated by double bond

Question 3

glycerol

Answer 3

carboxyl group and hydrocarbon chain

Question 4

The longer the carbon chain…..

Answer 4

the higher the melting point

Question 5

the more double bonds….

Answer 5

the lower the melting point

Question 6

saturated fatty acid tails pack in compact arrays…..

Answer 6

maximizing van del Waals interactions

Question 7

double bonds in nature plant oils are usually in…..

Answer 7

cis-configuration

Question 8

many double bonds in hydrogenated vegetable oil are in…

Answer 8

trans-configuration

Question 9

trans-fatty acids….

Answer 9

increase level of “bad” cholesterol and decrease “good” cholesterol

Question 10

less oxygenated fuels ____ more efficiently

Answer 10

burn

Question 11

triacylglycerols have ___________ than carbs

Answer 11

lower oxygenation state

Question 12

membrane lipids (polar)

Answer 12

phospholipids and glycolipids

Question 13

phospholipids

Answer 13

glycerophospholypids and sphingolipids

Question 14

glycolipids

Answer 14

sphingolipids and galactolipids (sulfolipids)

Question 15

glycerophospholipids

Answer 15

• glycerol backbone
• 2 fatty acids
• PO4 and alcohol
• most common

Question 16

sphingosine

Answer 16

• one fatty acid chain from sphingosine backbone molecule
• fatty acid
• PO4 and Choline OR mono or oligosaccharide

Question 17

galactolipids (sulfolipids)

Answer 17

• glycerol backbone
• 2 fatty acids
• mono/disaccharide and SO4

Question 18

chloroplast membranes contain…

Answer 18

galactolipids and sulfolipids

Question 19

membrane lipids need _____________.

Answer 19

a charged or polar headgroup

Question 20

phosphate is ____________ needed for ________.

Answer 20

limiting nutrient, more critical function

Question 21

________ bonds are chemically more stable and more resistant to enzymatic digestion

Answer 21

ether

Question 22

ether bond

Answer 22

2 carbons bonded to oxygen

Question 23

ester bond

Answer 23

double oxygen bonded to carbon

Question 24

Sterols have four fused…

Answer 24

carbon rings

Question 25

steroid hormones

Answer 25

carry messages between different tissues

Question 26

testosterone

Answer 26

male sex hormone produced in testes

Question 27

estradiol

Answer 27

female sex hormone in ovaries and placenta

Question 28

cortisol

Answer 28

produced in adrenal cortex, regulated glucose metabolism

Question 29

retinal

Answer 29

causes the red colour of retina

Question 30

isoprene

Answer 30

common building block of many lipid cofactors

Question 31

vitamin E

Answer 31

antioxidant that prevents oxidative damage to lipids

Question 32

tocopherols

Answer 32

vitamin e and chemically related compounds

Question 33

isoprenoid tail

Answer 33

makes tocopherols highly soluble in lipids

Question 34

aromatic rings

Answer 34

react with reactive oxygen to prevent damaging effects

Question 35

quinone

Answer 35

oxidized

Question 36

quinol

Answer 36

reduced