Chapter 2

Question 1

Dipole of water will dictate its ability to :

Answer 1

form electrostatic interactions and form hydrogen bonds

Question 2

What are the most common hydrogen bond acceptors?

Answer 2

nitrogen and oxygen

Question 3

anything that can form hydrogen bonds….

Answer 3

must form hydrogen bonds

Question 4

water can serve as a hydrogen ________ and _______.

Answer 4

donor and acceptor

Question 5

hydrogen bonds are ________, but, _____ and a form of _____________.

Answer 5

longer, weak, non-covalent interactions

Question 6

strength of hydrogen bond depends on ….

Answer 6

it’s geometry

Question 7

the large number of hydrogen bonds in water contributes to the high ________________ and ______________.

Answer 7

heat of vaporization, specific heat capacity

Question 8

the high composition of water within our bodies, coupled with the high specific heat capacity of water helps us to….

Answer 8

stay cool

Question 9

water molecules can interact, and dissolve charged solutes through….

Answer 9

formation of layers of hydration

Question 10

molecules that carry a charge and/or participate in hydrogen bonds have the greatest…..

Answer 10

solubility in water

Question 11

CO2 and O2 are ______ and have limited _________.

Answer 11

non-polar, solubility

Question 12

hydrophobic interactions

Answer 12

forces that hold non-polar regions of the molecule and is the driving force in formation and stabilization of bimolecular structures and interactions

Question 13

most biomolecules represent polymers of ____________, but their functions are determined by _____________.

Answer 13

• covalently linked building blocks

- weaker, non-covalent interactions

Question 14

non-covalent interactions enable:

Answer 14

• transient dynamic interactions

- flexibility of structure and function

Question 15

intra-

Answer 15

within the same

Question 16

inter-

Answer 16

within other

Question 17

water tends to ___________ (ionic/electrostatic interactions)

Answer 17

weaken; because it shield charged groups

Question 18

strength of electrostatic interactions depend on….

Answer 18

-distance separating atoms and nature of the intervening medium

Question 19

van der Waals forces

Answer 19

when two uncharged atoms are brought very close, influencing their electron clouds

Question 20

second law of thermodynamics

Answer 20

entropy of a system and surroundings is always increasing

Question 21

protein folding results in…

Answer 21

decrease in entropy, but it’s increasing somewhere else to avoid violation of second law

Question 22

water has a limited tendency to ionize to ,,,

Answer 22

hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions

Question 23

hydrogen ions in water are often presented as…

Answer 23

hydronium ions (H3O+)

Question 24

Kw (ion product of water)

Answer 24

1.0 * 10^-14 M^2

Question 25

pH=

Answer 25

-log[H+]

Question 26

pH 7

Answer 26

neutral

Question 27

pH under 7

Answer 27

acidic

Question 28

ph over 7

Answer 28

basic

Question 29

pKa=

Answer 29

-logKa

Question 30

Ka=

Answer 30

[products]/[reactants]

Question 31

buffering region extends..

Answer 31

one pH unit on either side

Question 32

below (acidic) =

Answer 32

protonated

Question 33

above (basic) =

Answer 33

unprotonated

Question 34

strong acids gives protons….

Answer 34

at a lower pH

Question 35

What is The Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation

Answer 35

describes relationship between pH of solution, pKa of weak acid, and the rel. conc. of the weak acid (HA) and conjugate base (A-)

Question 36

The Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation

Answer 36

pH = pKa + log( [A-] / [HA] )