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Chemistry AS > Chapter 8 > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Flashcards

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1
Q

What colour are Group 2 compounds?

A

White or colourless

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2
Q

What are Group 2?

A

Alkaline earth metals

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3
Q

Are group 2 hard or soft metals?

A

Soft metals with low melting points

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4
Q

Are group 2 reactive or non reactive?

A

Reactive so usually found in compounds

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5
Q

What do Group 2 react with?

A

They undergo REDOX reactions with oxygen, water and dilute acids

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6
Q

What are Group 2 known as?

A

The halogens

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7
Q

What happens to Group 2 electron configurations during a reaction?

A

They react by loosing their outer 2 electrons to form 2+ ions

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8
Q

What type of agents are group 2 elements? What does that mean?

A

Reducing agents: a substance that causes another species to be reduced

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9
Q

What is produced when a Group 2 metal reacts with water?

A

They form an alkaline hydroxide and hydrogen gas

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10
Q

What can be observed when Group 2 elements react with water?

A

Fizzing/ effervescence and the solid dissapears

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11
Q

How does reactivity change down the group?

A

Reactivity increases down Group 2

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12
Q

What is observed during the REDOX reaction with oxygen and a halogen?

A

Burns with a bright white flame and white powder is produced

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13
Q

What is formed and seen when a halogen reacts with a dilute acid?

A

A salt is formed in addition to hydrogen gas, fizzing/ effervescence is seen and the solid disspears

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14
Q

How is shielding and atomic radius effected down Group 2?

A

They increase

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15
Q

How is nuclear attraction effected down Group 2?

A

It decreases

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16
Q

How is reactivity effected down Group 2?

A

Increases

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17
Q

How is the first ionisation energy effected down group 2?

A

Decreases

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18
Q

What is produced when group 2 oxides react with water?

A

Hydroxides

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19
Q

What is the typical pH of a Group 2 oxide?

A

Between pH 10-12

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20
Q

Are Group 2 oxides soluble? What happens when the solution becomes saturated?

A

Only slightly in water, once saturated a solid white precipitate forms

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21
Q

How is solubility in water effected by going down Group 2?

A

Increases down the group

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22
Q

How is alkalinity effected going down Group 2?

A

Increases

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23
Q

How is pH effected by going down Group 2?

A

Increases

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24
Q

What is a use for calcium hydroxide?

A

Reduce soil acidity

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25
Q

What is a use for magnesium hydroxide?

A

Neutralising excess HCl in the stomach

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26
Q

What is the outermost shell configuration for halogens?

A

ns2np5

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27
Q

Are halogens atomic or diatomic?

A

All diatomic

28
Q

How stable are halogen as a element?

A

Very unstable to they are mostly found in metal compounds

29
Q

What temperature can halogens be found?

A

Room temperature

30
Q

What is the room temperature appearance of F2?

A

Pale yellow gas

31
Q

What is the room temperature appearance of Cl2?

A

Pale green gas

32
Q

What is the room temperature appearance of I2?

A

Red- Brown liquid

33
Q

What is the room temperature appearance of Br2?

A

Shiny grey-black solid

34
Q

What is the room temperature appearance of At2?

A

Never been seen

35
Q

How are London forces effected down group 7?

A

Increased in strength

36
Q

How is the energy required to break intermolecular bonds effected down group 7?

A

The bonds are stronger so more energy is required

37
Q

How is boiling point effected down group 7?

A

Increased

38
Q

How is the number of electrons effected down group 7?

A

Increased

39
Q

What colour is solutions of halogens?

A

They all form different colours

40
Q

Are halogens polar?

A

No they are non-polar so more soluble in non polar solvents like alkanes

41
Q

What is the colour of Chlorine in water?

A

Very pale yellow

42
Q

What is the colour of Bromine in water?

A

Orange

43
Q

What is the colour of Iodine in water?

A

Brown

44
Q

What is the colour of Chlorine in an alkane?

A

Pale Green

45
Q

What is the colour of Bromine in an alkane?

A

Orange

46
Q

What is the colour of Iodine in an alkane?

A

Violet

47
Q

Why do two layers form if water are cyclohexane are mixed?

A

They are immiscible

48
Q

What type of agent are halogen and what does this mean?

A

Halogen react by gaining an electron so are oxidising agents: they oxidise another species

49
Q

Why does the halogens oxidising agent decrease down group 7?

A

Down the group the atomic radius and shielding increase, nuclear attraction decreases so ability to gain an electron decreases

50
Q

Define disproportionation

A

A single element is both oxidised and reduced in the same reaction

51
Q

What colour is the precipitate produced by AgCl (s) and silver nitrate?

A

White

52
Q

What colour is the precipitate produced by AgBr (s) and silver nitrate?

A

Cream

53
Q

What colour is the precipitate produced by AgI (s) and silver nitrate?

A

Yellow

54
Q

What 4 things can you observe during a reaction?

A
  1. Effervescence
  2. Colour change
  3. Precipitates
  4. Identification
55
Q

How can SO4 2- be identified?

A

By precipitation with Ba2+ (aq)

56
Q

How can CO3 2- be identified?

A

By reaction with H+ (aq) to form CO2(g)

57
Q

How can Cl-, Br-, I- be identified?

A

By precipitation with Ag+ (aq) / solubility in NH3 solution

58
Q

How can NH4+ be identified?

A

Warm with NaOH(aq) to form NH3

59
Q

What test can be used to identify the Carbonate ion, CO3 2- ?

A

Add a few drops of dilute nitric acid

Observe effervescence due to CO2 gas

60
Q

What test can be used to identify the Sulfate ion, SO4 2-?

A

Add an equal volume of barium nitrate (aq)

Observe a white precipitate of barium nitrate

61
Q

What test can be used to identify the Chloride ion, Cl-?

A

Add an equal volume of silver nitrate
(aq)

observe a white precipitate of silver chloride ( soluble in ammonia solution)

62
Q

What test can be used to identify the Bromide ion, Br-?

A

Add an equal volume of silver nitrate (aq)

Observe a cream precipitate of silver bromide (soluble in concentrated ammonia solution)

63
Q

What test can be used to identify the Iodide ion, I-?

A

Add an equal volume of aqueous silver nitrate

Observe a yellow precipitate of silver iodide ( in both dilute and concentrated ammonia solution)

64
Q

What test can be used to identify the Ammonium ion, NH4+?

A

Warm with dilute sodium hydroxide and test any gas given off with damp red litmus paper.

Observe gas (ammonia) which turns litmus paper blue

65
Q

Why must some ion tests be carried out in a specific order?

A

In order to avoid false positive results

66
Q

What are the for ion tests and what order must you carry them out in?

A
  1. Carbonate, CO3 2-
  2. Sulphate, SO4 2-
  3. Halides, Cl-, Br-, I-
  4. Ammonium ion test

Chemistry AS (16 decks)

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