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Chemistry AS > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

Define a Acid?

A

A acid is a proton donor (H+ donor)

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2
Q

Define a Base?

A

A base is a proton acceptor (H+ acceptor)

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3
Q

Define an alkali?

A

An alkali is a soluble base that releases OH- ions in water

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4
Q

What is a Amphoteric substance?

A

A substance that can behave as both an acid and a base

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5
Q

What is an example of a Amphoteric substance?

A

Water

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6
Q

What do strong acids and strong bases both do in water?

A

Fully dissociate in water

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7
Q

What do weak acids and bases do in water?

A

Only partially dissociate

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8
Q

What do ionic equations show?

A

Ionic equations show only those ions that react and leave out ions that are unchanged in a reaction, the spectator ions.

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9
Q

Define a neutralisation reaction?

A

When acids and bases react to form salts and neutral solutions.

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10
Q

When is a salt formed?

A

A salt is formed when the H+ of an acid is replaced by a metal ion or NH4+

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11
Q

What type of salt does hydrochloric acid make?

A

Chloride salts

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12
Q

What type of salt does nitric acid make?

A

Nitrate salts

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13
Q

What type of salt does sulphuric acid make?

A

Sulphate salts

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14
Q

What is the product and observations when a acid + base reaction takes place?

A

Salt + Water are produced and the base dissolves/ disappears.

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15
Q

What is the product and observations when a acid + alkali reaction takes place?

A

Salt + Water are produced and no visible change unless indicator added.

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16
Q

What is the product and observations when an acid + carbonate reaction takes place?

A

Salt+ Water + Carbon dioxide are produced and effervescence is seen and the carbonate dissolves.

17
Q

What is the product and observations when an acid + hydrogen carbonate reaction takes place?

A

Salt + Water + Carbon Dioxide are produced and effervescence is seen and the hydrogen carbonate dissolves.

18
Q

What is the product and observations when an acid + ammonia react?

A

Ammonium salt is produced and there is no visible change unless indicator added

19
Q

What is an Acid-Base titration?

A

A technique used to accurately measure the volume of one solution that reacts exactly with another solution.

20
Q

What are the three purposes of a titration?

A
  1. Finding the concentration of a solution
  2. Identification of any unknown chemicals
  3. Finding the purity of a substance
21
Q

What is a standard solution?

A

A solution of a known concentration

22
Q

When can a titration be stopped?

A

When 3 concordant results are reached

23
Q

What are concordant results?

A

Results within 0.1 cm3 of each other

24
Q

Why is universal indicator not suitable for titrations?

A

It is not suitable for titrations because it does not give a sharp colour change.

25
Q

Why is a white tile used in titration?

A

It is used below the conical flask to see the colour change more clearly.

26
Q

Why are coloured solutions used in titration?

A

They are used to show the end-point of a reaction ( the indicator changes colour quickly over a very small pH range)

Chemistry AS (16 decks)

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