Chapter 8

Question 1

What are progeny cells used for?

Answer 1

• Expanding population size (single celled organisms)
• Multicellular tissue growth (growing new leaves)
• Asexual reproduction
• Replacement of cells lost to wear (shedding skin and gut lining)
• Tears (would repair, virus infection)

Question 2

What is binary fission?

Answer 2

Prokaryotic cell division - splitting or dividing into two parts

Question 3

What is segregation?

Answer 3

The separation of the pairs of alleles that control a character as gametes are formed

Question 4

Why is the prokaryotic mechanism so effective?

Answer 4

• A single chromosome
• If the daughter cell recieves one copy of the chromosome, its genetic information is complete
  (eukaryotic organisms divide by multiple chromosomes)

Question 5

What is the innovation of mitosis?

Answer 5

The ability to hold two newly created molecules fot double stranded DNA - chromatids

Question 6

Chromatid

Answer 6

One half of the replicated Dna - one double helix of DNA

Question 7

3 main steps to binary fisson?

Answer 7

1) Bacterium cell must copy its DNA, so the new cells will have DNA - Tightly wound into the chromosome
2) Bacterium grows larger - division develops in the middle of the bacteria
3) splitting in half - Cytokinesis
4) Binary fission results in two identical daughter cells

Question 8

WHat is meiosis?

Answer 8

The division of diploid cells to haploid progeny, consisting of two rounds of sequential rounds of nuclear and cellular division

Question 9

What are the 3 interrelated systems that contribute to the eukaryotic cell cycle?

Answer 9

Endocrine, neural, and endomembrane

Question 10

Kinetochores

Answer 10

Protein structure on chromatids where the spindle fibres attach during cell division to pull sister chromatids apart

Question 11

Apoptosis

Answer 11

Programmed cell death - killing cells that infected with a virus