Chapter 8 Flashcards
Social norms
rules that regulate social life, explicit laws and implicit cultural conventions.
Social roles
a given social position that is governed by a set of norms for proper behavior.
Culture
A program of shared by most members of that community.
Milgram obedience experiments
“Experimenter” has a volunteer be “teacher” to an actor playing “the learner” being shocked by the volunteer.
Five conditions for disobedience to authority
- experiment left the room
- victim was in the room
- two experimenters had conflicting demands
- ordered by a volunteer
- peer refused to go further
Zimbardo prison study
College students play guards and prisoners.
Entrapment
A gradual process in which individuals escalate their comment to course of action to justify the investment of time, money, or effect.
Fundamental attribution error
The tendency; in explaining other’s behavior to overestimate personality factors and underestimate the influence of situation.
Culture- individualistic
Thinking of yourself as an individual
Culture- collective
Thinking of yourself as only as part of a group.
Self-serving bias
Thinking that make us feel good about ourselves, even when you shouldn’t
Cognitive dissonance
You something believe an incomparable belief with their behavior.
Validity effect
Repeat something over and over again until it seems true.
Familiarity effect
Hearing something repeatedly until it is perceived positively.
Indoctrination
1) subject to entrapment
2) person’s problems are explained by simple arrtribution
3) offered a new identity and is promised salvation
4) access to different ideas is severely controlled.
Asch line-judging study
- Which line matches the sample?
- 1/3 of people will conform to the wrong answer
- 20% apologize for disagreeing
Define:Group thinking
All members of a group to think a like for the sake of harmony and avoid disagreement
Diffusion of responsibility
members to avoid taking action because they assume someone else will.
Deindivulation
Someone loses awareness of their own identity in a large group.
Ethic identity
Person’s self identity with a nation religious proper national, religious or political group and etc.
Relationship to obedience
People will do what they think is wrong to please an authory.
Ethnocentrism
A group that be live their is superior to others.
Sherif’s Robbers Cave experiment
- the effect of competition on hostility and conflict.
Stereotype
a summary impression of a group, in which a person believe that all members of the group shares a common trait(s)
Psychological/ social origins of prejudice
- ward off fear, doubt and insecurity
- peer pressure and feeling a need to conform
Prejudicial attitudes
1) physical distance from someone
2) discrimination
3) people affect toward stress or anger
4) the brain noticing difference
5) speed of positive and negative associations
Intergroup conflict
1) equal rights
2) equal opportunity to representation
3) many opportunities to belong and get along with the other group.
4) both sides must work together for a common goal
