Chapter 4 Flashcards
Central nervous system (CNS)
the brain and spinal cord
Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
Portion outside of brain, sensory and motor nerves.
Parasympathetic Nervous System
Functions during relaxed state and conserves energy.
autonomic nervous system
regulates internal organs and glands
sympathetic nervous system
Mobilizes bodily response during emotion and stress
Glial cells
Support, nurture, insulate neurons, remove debris of died neurons
3 parts of a neuron
- Cell body: genetic material and keeps the neurons alive
- dendrite: receiving and send messages
- axon: conducts impulses away from the cell body and transmits to other neurons
Somatic nervous system
Contains receptors on skeletal muscles
Reticular activating system
Arouses cortex and screens incoming information
Neurogenesis
- Production of new growth of neurons from stem cells
- Stress = inhibit
- Nicotine = kills
Neurotransmitters:
Chemical substance released by transmitting neurons at synapse that alters activity of receiving neuron.
acetylcholine [at-seat-ol- Cole lean]
- muscle memory
-Serotonin
mood, pain, and sleep
Pons
Sleep, wake, and dreaming
Myelin sheath
- Fatty insulation surrounding neurons to speed up neural impulse.
- it is not fully developed until 20’s
Glutamate
- Major excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain, it is release by 90% of the brain’s neurons
Hormones:
Chemical secreted by gland that affect the function of organs
-adrenal: involve in emotion and stress
Medulla
Breathing and heart rate
Cerebellum
- Regulates movement and balance
- remembering simple task
- plays a role in emotional and cognitive learning.
Hypothalamus
Emotions and
Pituitary gland
releases many hormones and regulates other endocrine glands.
Amygdala
Regulation of emotion response to sensory information
GABA
Major inhibitory neurotransmitter in brain
-Imbalances sleep, eating and convulse disorders
Hippocampus
Storage of new information in memory
Occipital lobe
Vision
Back of head
Parietal lobe
Touch
Top of head
Temporal lobe
Hearing
Sides of head
Frontal lobe
Judgement
Front of head
Left hemisphere
Order: Language, logic, sequential tasks
Corpus callosum
Specialization of functions to the left and right hemispheres.
Right hemisphere
Creative: visualization, music, pictures and identify facts
GABA
major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain
glutamate
major excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain
hormones
chemical secreted by a gland that affect the function of an organs
adrenal hormones
increase arousal level and prepare for action and enhance memory
how PET scans work
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critical thinking on brain imaging in terms of behavior.
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split brain
as if having two different brains in the same head
neural plasticity
the. brain’s ability to grow and repair itself after damage
Differences in the sexes
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