Chapter 8

Question 1

Solute

Answer 1

A substance which is dissolved by another substance

Question 2

Why is water such a good solvent

Answer 2

Because of the polarity and hydrogen bonding

The attraction of water molecules to different parts of a solute is enough to break the solute apart

Question 3

What is solvation

Answer 3

As each ion in the solute is drawn into solution it is surrounded by water molecules

Question 4

Solubility

Answer 4

The amount of solute that will dissolve a specific solvent under given conditions

Question 5

Units for solubility

Answer 5

Grams of solvent/100g H2O @ 23C

Question 6

Henry’s law

Answer 6

Solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the pressure of that gas above the liquid

Question 7

Concentration

Answer 7

Amount of solute/amount of solution

Question 8

Molarity

Answer 8

Moles solute/liters solution

Question 9

Mass volume percent

Answer 9

Mass of the solute divided by the volume of the solution and multiplied by 100

Question 10

Percent by mass

Answer 10

Massive of solute in mass of solution multiplied by 100

Question 11

Percent by volume

Answer 11

Volume of solute divided by volume of solution multiplied by 100

Question 12

Colloids

Answer 12

Particles tend to be small enough to pass through filters but too large to pass through semi permeable membrane (1nm-200nm)

Question 13

Suspensions

Answer 13

Contain particles large enough to be trapped by filters and semi permeable membrane but small enough to stay suspended for a long while before settling out
They are heterogeneous mixtures

Question 14

Osmosis

Answer 14

The movement of water through a semi permeable membrane from regions of low solute concentration to regions of higher solute concentration

Question 15

Osmotic pressure

Answer 15

Movement of water to one side of the permeable membrane

Question 16

Turgor

Answer 16

In living systems osmotic pressure

Question 17

Hypotonic solution

Answer 17

The situation in which the concentration of solute is higher inside the membrane cell then in the surrounding water

Question 18

Hypertonic solution

Answer 18

A situation in which the concentration of solute is higher outside the membrane cell then in the surrounding solution

Question 19

Isotonic solution

Answer 19

A situation in which the solute concentration of the inside and outside of the membrane cell are equal

Question 20

Solvent

Answer 20

A substance that dissolves another substance

Question 21

C1V1=

Answer 21

C2V2

Question 22

Heterogeneous mixture

Answer 22

Solute particles size above 200 nm

Question 23

Homogeneous mixture

Answer 23

Particle size less than one nanometer

Question 24

Parts per million units

Answer 24

(Mass is solute grams)/(mass of solution grams)

Question 25

Moles of solute=

Answer 25

Molarity x volume

Question 26

Solubility of chlorides bromides and iodides

Answer 26

All except Ag Pb Hg2

Question 27

Solubility of sulfates

Answer 27

All sulfate a are soluble except Ba Pb Ca and Sr

Question 28

Solubility of carbonates and phosphates

Answer 28

All are insoluble except those of sodium potassium and NH4

Question 29

Solubility of hydroxides

Answer 29

All are insoluble except those of sodium and potassium

Question 30

Solubility of sulfides

Answer 30

All are insoluble except those of sodium potassium and alkaline earth and NH4

Question 31

Solubility of salts of sodium ion potassium ion and ammonium ion

Answer 31

Are all soluble