Chapter 6 Flashcards
Mechanical E
E of motion of macro scale objects
Thermal E
E of motion of microscale objects
Electrical E
E of motion of electrons through a conductor
Sound E
E corresponding to expansion and compression of spaces between molecules
Potential energy
Energy of position or some force capable of changing that position
Energy
The capacity to do work
Electrostatic PE
Attraction of two dissimilarly charged particles that are a short distance apart
Chemical PE
A form of potential energy related to the structural arrangement of atoms or molecules
Collision theory
For a reaction to occur there must be collision orientation energy
Rate of reaction
Change in the quantity of something over a given period time
Factors that influence the speed of reactions
Nature of reactants, temperature, concentration, catalysts
Nature of reactants
Small molecules tend to react faster than large molecules
Gases tend to react faster than liquids which react faster than solids
Powdered solids are more reactive than blocks
Ions tend to react faster than molecules
What is K
Equilibrium constant
[C]c[D]d / [A]a[B]b
When K»1
Reaction is product favored
K
Reaction is reactant favored
K=1
Neither directions favored reaction proceeds about halfway
Le chateliers principle
If a system at equilibrium is disturbed the position of equilibrium will shift to minimize the disturbance
The effect of temperature change on equilibrium
If the temperature of the system at equilibrium is changed the system will shift in the direction the counter that change
GPE=
mgh
How many Jules are in 1 calorie
4.184
Delta H+
Endothermic
Delta H-
Exothermic
Ea
Energy difference between the reactants and the transition state
When expressing concentration equilibrium what is the proper form?
[products]/[reactants]
Gravitational constant
9.8 m/s^2
Number of calories in fat protein carbohydrates
9 4and four respectively
Effect of pressure on a chemical reaction
When pressure is increased reaction will shift toward side with fewer moles of gas particles
What is a amphiphilic solute
They are soluble in both polar and Nonpolar solvents
Are nitrate soluble in water
Yes all of them are
Are all acetate soluble in water
Yes
Rate of reaction
Change in concentration divided by changing time
