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A & P 1 > Chapter 8 > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Flashcards

1
Q

immovable joints

in axial skeleton

A

synarthroses

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2
Q

structural classification of joints

A

focuses on material binding the bones together and if a joint cavity is present

3 types: fibrous, cartilaginous and synovial

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3
Q

joints or articulations

A

sites where 2 or more bones meet

give our skeleton mobility and hold it together

weakest part of the skeleton

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3
Q

amphiarthroses

A

slightly movable joints

in axial skeleton

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4
Q

diarthroses

A

freely movable joints

in limbs

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5
Q

freely movable joints

in limbs

A

diarthroses

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7
Q

sites where 2 or more bones meet

give our skeleton mobility and hold it together

weakest part of the skeleton

A

joints or articulations

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8
Q

synarthroses

A

immovable joints

in axial skeleton

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9
Q

slightly movable joints

in axial skeleton

A

amphiarthroses

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10
Q

fibrous joints

A

bones joined by dense fibrous connective tissue

no joint cavity

movement depends on length of connective tissue fibers uniting the bones

most are immovable, some are slightly movable

3 types: sutures, syndesmoses and gomphoses

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11
Q

sutures

A

type of fibrous joint

occur only between bones of the skull

junction filled by a minimal amount of short connective tissue fibers

these allow the skull to expand as brain grows

in old age they ossify and skull bones fuse into a single unit called synostoses

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12
Q

synostoses

A

in middle age when fibrous tissue of sutures ossify and skull bones fuse into a single unit called this

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13
Q

syndesmoses

A

type of fibrous joint

bones are connected by ligaments

movement depends on lenth of connecting fibers

movement ranges from none to a lot (in radius and ulna)

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14
Q

gomphosis

A

type of fibrous tissue

fibrous connection is periodontal ligament

peg-in-socket fibrous joint

tooth in its bony aveolar socket

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15
Q

bones joined by dense fibrous connective tissue

no joint cavity

movement depends on length of connective tissue fibers uniting the bones

most are immovable, some are slightly movable

3 types: sutures, syndesmoses and gomphoses

A

fibrous joints

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16
Q

type of fibrous joint

occur only between bones of the skull

junction filled by a minimal amount of short connective tissue fibers

these allow the skull to expand as brain grows

in old age they ossify and skull bones fuse into a single unit called synostoses

A

sutures

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17
Q

in middle age when fibrous tissue of sutures ossify and skull bones fuse into a single unit called this

A

synostoses

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18
Q

type of fibrous joint

bones are connected by ligaments

movement depends on lenth of connecting fibers

movement ranges from none to a lot (in radius and ulna)

A

syndesmoses

19
Q

type of fibrous tissue

fibrous connection is periodontal ligament

peg-in-socket fibrous joint

tooth in its bony aveolar socket

A

gomphosis

20
Q

cartilaginous joints

A

joints where articulating bones are united by cartilage

lack joint cavity

not highly movable

2 types are synchondroses and symphyses

21
Q

synchondroses

A

type of cartilaginous joints

hyaline cartilage that unites bones

most of these are synarthrotic (immovable)

e.g. epiphyseal plates in children and immovable joint between costal cartilage of the first rib and the manubrium of the sternum

22
Q

symphyses

A

type of cartilaginous joints

joint where fibrocartilage unites the bone

limited amount of movement

these joints are for strength with flexibility

e.g. intervertebral joints and pubic symphysis of pelvis

23
Q

synovial joints

A

joints where articulating bones are separated by joint cavity with fluid

a lot of movement

all of these joints are movable diarthroses

almost all joints of the limbs are these

24
Q

joints where articulating bones are united by cartilage

lack joint cavity

not highly movable

2 types are synchondroses and symphyses

A

cartilaginous joints

25
Q

type of cartilaginous joints

hyaline cartilage that unites bones

most of these are synarthrotic (immovable)

e.g. epiphyseal plates in children and immovable joint between costal cartilage of the first rib and the manubrium of the sternum

A

synchondroses

26
Q

type of cartilaginous joints

joint where fibrocartilage unites the bone

limited amount of movement

these joints are for strength with flexibility

e.g. intervertebral joints and pubic symphysis of pelvis

A

symphyses

27
Q

joints where articulating bones are separated by joint cavity with fluid

a lot of movement

all of these joints are movable diarthroses

almost all joints of the limbs are these

A

synovial joints

28
Q

articular cartilage

A

thin layer of hyaline cartilage

covers smooth articular surface of opposing bones in synovial joints

these absorb compression placed on the joint

29
Q

joint cavity

A

unique feature in synovial joints

space that contains small amount of synovial fluid

30
Q

articular capsule

A

encloses joint cavity

2 layers

external layer is fibrous layer made of dense irregular connective tissue and it strengthens the joint to prevent bones from being pulled apart

inner layer is synovial membrane made of loose connective tissue and it makes synovial fluid

31
Q

synovial fluid

A

fluid that occupies free spaces in the joint capsule

reduces friction between cartilage as a lubricant

gives nourishment to articular cartilages

weight bearing element

32
Q

capsular ligaments

A

reinforce and strengthen synovial joints

thickened parts of fibrous layer

some are outside of the articular capsule (extracapsular ligaments

some are inside the articualr capsule (intracapsular ligaments)

33
Q

articular discs or menisci

A

optional feature of synovial joints

divide synovial cavity in two

improve the fit of articulating bone ends, making the joints more stable and minimizes wear/tear on the joins
located in knees and jaws

34
Q

thin layer of hyaline cartilage

covers smooth articular surface of opposing bones in synovial joints

these absorb compression placed on the joint

A

articular cartilage

35
Q

unique feature in synovial joints

space that contains small amount of synovial fluid

A

joint cavity

36
Q

encloses joint cavity

2 layers

external layer is fibrous layer made of dense irregular connective tissue and it strengthens the joint to prevent bones from being pulled apart

inner layer is synovial membrane made of loose connective tissue and it makes synovial fluid

A

articular capsule

37
Q

fluid that occupies free spaces in the joint capsule

reduces friction between cartilage as a lubricant

gives nourishment to articular cartilages

weight bearing element

A

synovial fluid

38
Q

reinforce and strengthen synovial joints

thickened parts of fibrous layer

some are outside of the articular capsule (extracapsular ligaments

some are inside the articualr capsule (intracapsular ligaments)

A

capsular ligaments

39
Q

optional feature of synovial joints

divide synovial cavity in two

improve the fit of articulating bone ends, making the joints more stable and minimizes wear/tear on the joins
located in knees and jaws

A

articular discs or menisci

40
Q

bursae

A

reduce friction between adjacent structures during join activity

fibrous sacs lined with synovial fluid

occur where ligaments, tendons, bones rub together

41
Q

tendon sheath

A

elongated bursa that wraps completely around tendon subjected to friction

reduce friction of tendons

42
Q

gliding movement

A

movement when flat bone surfaces glide or another without angulation or rotatoin

occurs at intercarpal and intertarsal joins

43
Q

angular movemnts

A

movements that increase or decrease the angle between 2 bones

include flexion, extension, hyperextension, abduction, adducton and circumduction

A & P 1 (9 decks)

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