Chapter 8

Question 1

The idea that a general factor for intelligence, or ______, is responsible for performance on all mental tests was introduced by _________.

Answer 1

G Factor

Charles Spearman

Question 2

Carroll’s conceptualization states that ______ intelligence is the ability to perceive relations among stimuli, while __________ intelligence comprises a person’s culturally influenced accumulated knowledge and skills.

Answer 2

Fluid

Chrystallized

Question 3

Which of the following is not one of the intelligence’s proposed by Gardner:

• musical intelligence,
• sensory-perceptual intelligence,
• intrapersonal intelligence, * bodily-kinesthetic intelligence, * spatial intelligence, or *naturalistic intelligence

Answer 3

sensory-perceptual intelligence

Question 4

Goleman argues that ________ are at the “center of aptitudes for living” including _______ emotions accurately in _______, and _______ one’s _______.

Answer 4

emotions
perceiving
understanding
regulating
emotions

Question 5

According to Sternberg’s theory of successful intelligence, _______ ability involves knowing what solution or plan will actually work, _________ ability involves analyzing problems and generating different solutions, and _______ ability involves dealing adaptively with novel situations and problems.

Answer 5

Practical
Analytic
Creative

Question 6

The specific skills and goals that are important to _______ conceptions of successful intelligence and assessed on many intelligence tests are less valued in other cultures and so are not _______ in the young.

Answer 6

american

cultivated

Question 7

Binet and Simon developed an intelligence test in order to ________ children who were likely to _______ in school.

Answer 7

Identify

succeed

Question 8

According to Binet and Simon, a child who solved problems that the average 7-year-old could pass would have an ______ ____ of ___.

Answer 8

Mental age of 7

Question 9

The ratio of mental age to chronological age, multiplied by 100 is __________ _______.

Answer 9

Intelligence quotient

Question 10

IQ scores are not predictive of later intelligence until about ___ or ____ months.

Answer 10

18 or 24

Question 11

Tests that measure a child’s learning potential by having them learn something new are called ________ _______.

Answer 11

Dynamic testing

Question 12

The ________ between _______ parents’ IQ and their children’s is higher than adopted children’s and their ______ parents’.

Answer 12

correlation
biological
adopted

Question 13

Although the exact cause remains a mystery, the increase per se in IQs during the 20th century shows the impact of changing _________ conditions on intelligence.

Answer 13

environment

Question 14

High-quality Head Start programs are considered to be _________ overall; for example, children who graduate from Head Start are less likely to _______grades or to be placed in ________ ________ classes

Answer 14

Effective
repeat
special education

Question 15

The Carolina Abecedarian Project supported the idea that _____ _____/_____ can have a _____________ effect on children’s IQ scores.

Answer 15

Social enviorment/intervention

negative/positive

Question 16

_______ American and ________ American children tend to have higher IQ scores than _________ American and ________ American children. Likewise, children from economically _________ homes tend to do better on IQ tests than children from economically ________ homes.

Answer 16

Asian
European
Hispanic
African
Advantaged
Disadvantaged

Question 17

A self-fulfilling prophecy, in which knowledge of ______ leads to anxiety and reduced performance consistent with the original ______, is called _____ ______.

Answer 17

stereotypes
stereotype
stereotype threat

Question 18

How should a child’s low score on an intelligence test be interpreted? . . . _______________. . ., __________________

Answer 18

unlikely to do well based on current skills

but improving skills will improve their performance

Question 19

To be considered intellectually gifted, and individual must receive an IQ score of ___ or greater on an intelligence test.

Answer 19

130

Question 20

According to Rathunde and Csikszentmihalyi, exceptional talent requires _______ and _____ from parents and ______ and ______ mentors.

Answer 20

encouragement
support
stimulating
challenging

Question 21

Intelligence is associated with ______ thinking while ______ is associated with ______ thinking.

Answer 21

convergent
Ceativity
divergent

Question 22

Good advice to teachers trying to encourage creativity in their students would be to _______ children for ______ hard.

Answer 22

praise

working

Question 23

Children at one extreme of an intellectual disability have so few skills that they must be______ constantly. At the other extreme are individuals who go to school and master many academic skills, but not as ______ as a _______ child.

Answer 23

supervised
quickly
typical

Question 24

A child with a learning disability has difficulty mastering an _________ ________, _________ ______ intelligence and is ____ suffering from other conditions which could explain the poor performance.

Answer 24

academic subject
has normal
not

Question 25

The key to helping children with learning disabilities is to ______ specific _______ and ______ deficits that hamper an individual child’s _______ in school.

Answer 25

pinpoint
cognitive
academic
performance