Chapter 3 Flashcards
Immediately after conception, a fertilized egg is referred to as a(n) ________
zygote
Near the center of a zygote is a small cluster of cells called the ___ _____ which will eventually develop into the baby
germ disk
Most of the body structures and internal organs develop during the period of the______
embryo
The ____ _____ is a fluid-filled sac that cushions the embryo and maintains a constant ________.
amniotic sac
temperature
Stress during pregnancy is associated with ___ ____, ____ ____
smaller size, medical problems, etc.
Teenage mothers are more likely to have children . . . .
who do worse in school, LBW
The age of viability occurs around the ___ to ___ ____ of prenatal development
22 to 28 weeks
Research in which mothers read aloud during the last months of their pregnancy suggests that newborns ______________________________________
remember their mother’s voice from the time they were in the womb.
remember their mother’s voice from the time they were in the womb.______ and to be _______
premature
underweight
Several studies examining the impact of pregnant mothers exposed to electromagnetic fields that are generated by video display terminals have found . .____________
increased behavioral problems in children
Maternal exposure to ______ during pregnancy is associated with retarded growth, mental retardation, and cerebral palsy.
mercury
Exposure to teratogens during the period of the zygote usually results in _________ miscarriage,
spontaneous
During the period of the ______, exposure to teratogens is most often associated with _____ defects in bodily structure or ______ functioning of body systems.
fetus
minor
improper
______ is most likely to be used to detect genetic disorders.
CVS (chronic villus sampling)
Stage one of labor for the first child usually lasts between ____ and ____ hours and between ____ and _____ for subsequent births
12 to 24 hours
3 to 8 hours
At the end of the first stage of labor, the cervix is dilated _____ centimeters.
10
The ______ stage of labor usually lasts 10-15 minutes
third
Postpartum depression is more likely in women who were _____ before pregnancy
depressed
A ______ umbilical cord occurs when the ____ _____ preceds the baby through the birth canal and is ______ shut
prolapsed
umbilical cord
squeezed
Premature infants are born less than ____ weeks after conception
35
The higher rate of infant mortality in the U.S. is most likely due to _____ _______ _______.
Low birth weight
The Apgar score provides a quick, approximate assessment of the newborn’s status by focusing upon the ____ systems needed to ______ ______.
body
sustain life
Newborn reflexes are ____ ______ to stimuli.
triggered responses
When a newborn’s cheek is touched and the newborn turns his/her head and opens his/her mouth, the ___ ____ has been triggered
rooting response
Reflexes indicate whether or not the newborn’s _____ _____ is working properly
nervous system
A newborn who is calm and attentive with open eyes is in the state of ____ _____
alert inactivity
A cry that begins suddenly with a long burst of crying that is followed by a long pause and gasping is known as the ____ cry
pain
Most newborns spend ___ to ____ hours crying each day
2 to 3
_______ sleep may stimulate the brain and foster growth of the nervous system.
REM
Babies are more likely to die from ____ if they are premature or low birth weight.
SIDS
