Chapter 8 Flashcards
Bank of the United States
a national bank, chartered for a term of twenty years, by the United States Congress on February 25, 1791. Establishment of the bank was included in a three-part expansion of federal fiscal and monetary power (along with a federal mint and excise taxes) championed by Alexander Hamilton, who believed a national bank was necessary to stabilize and improve the nation’s credit, and to improve handling of the financial business of the United States government under the newly enacted constitution.
Capitalism
an economic and political system in which a country’s trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state.
The Panic of 1819
Panic of 1819 was the first major peacetime financial crisis in the United States followed by a general collapse of the American economy persisting through 1821.
Market System
A market economy is the system we have today in which we have buyers and sellers and a continuous flow of products and services. Before this economy, trade was the predominant method of exchanging goods and services. With this new system, new laws and regulations were setup to maintain organization on a daily basis for both the seller and buyer.
Improving transportation
Key to the market economy, mostly included roads at this point, and some trains.
State legislatures
The commonwealth system. Wrote many transportation charters and aided economic development
Democratic republicanism
was formed by Thomas Jefferson and others who believed in an agrarian-based, decentralized, democratic government. The party was established to oppose the Federalists who had supported and pushed through the ratification of the US Constitution.
Suffrage
The ability to vote
Sentimentalism
Rejecting the enlightenments emphasis on rational thought sentimentalism celebrated the importance of feeling and emotions; influenced literacy, theater, and revivalist preachers
Companionate marriage
Marriage based off of love between two volunteering adults
Republican Motherhood
(Early 1800s) The idea that women would instruct the ideals of republicanism to their sons and therefore the future generations.
Noah Webster
was an American lexicographer, textbook pioneer, English-language spelling reformer, political writer, editor, and prolific author. He has been called the “Father of American Scholarship and Education”. (Think Webster’s dictionary)
Manumission Act
Allowed individual slave owners to free their slaves
Southern defense of slavery
The south defended slavery as necessary evil, as it was crucial to the economy and to maintain their luxurious lifestyle
American Colonization Society
Argued that’s laces should be sent back to Africa, as emancipation without removal would prompt racial chaos.
Henry Clay
An American lawyer, politician, and skilled orator who represented Kentucky in both the United States Senate and House of Representatives.
Missouri Comprimise
an effort by Congress to defuse the sectional and political rivalries triggered by the request of Missouri late in 1819 for admission as a state in which slavery would be permitted. At the time, the United States contained twenty-two states, evenly divided between slave and free.
Tallmadge amendment
The Tallmadge Amendment was a proposed amendment to a bill requesting the Territory of Missouri to be admitted to the Union as a free state.
The Second Great Awakening
a Protestant revival movement during the early 19th century in the United States. The movement began around 1790, gained momentum by 1800, and after 1820 membership rose rapidly among Baptist and Methodist congregations whose preachers led the movement. It was past its peak by the late 1840s.
Cult of Domesticity
also known as the cult of true womanhood (by people who like it), is a view about women in the 1800s. They believed that women should stay at home and should not do any work outside of the home.
