Chapter 7 Flashcards
Bill of Rights
the collective name for the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution. Proposed to assuage the fears of Anti-Federalists who had opposed Constitutional ratification, guarantee a number of personal freedoms, limit the government’s power in judicial and other proceeding
Judiciary Act of 1789
Supreme Court ruled that Congress can’t pass laws that are contrary to the Constitution, and that it’s the role of the judicial system to interpret what the Constitution; the Judiciary Act of 1789 was the first act of Congress to be partially invalidated by the Supreme Court and gave the Supreme Court a boost of power.
National Debt
A combination of debt from the Revolutionary War and the federal government inheriting state debt as part of the constitution.
National Bank
another document issued by Alexander Hamilton. Hamilton asked Congress to charter the bank of the United States. He wanted this to be jointly owned by private stockholders and the national government and argued that the bank would provide financial stability by making loans to merchants, by handling government funds, and by issuing bills of credit.
Protective tariffs
a tariff levied on imports to protect the domestic economy rather than to raise revenue
Revenue tariffs
a tariff or duty imposed on imports primarily to produce public revenue
Jefferson’s Agrarian Vision
Former United States president (1801-1809) Thomas Jefferson was a representative agrarian who built Jeffersonian Democracy around the notion that farmers are “the most valuable citizens” and the truest republicans
The French Revolution
The French Revolution was a revolution in France from 1789 to 1799. It led to the end of the monarchy. The Revolution ended when Napoleon Bonaparte took power in November 1799 and began his dictatorship. Inspired by the American Revolution
Jay’s Treaty
A 1795 treaty between the United States and Great Britain that is credited with averting war, resolving issues remaining since the Treaty of Paris of 1783 and facilitating ten years of peaceful trade between the United States and Britain in the midst of the French Revolutionary Wars, which began in 1792.
XYZ Affair
a political and diplomatic episode in 1797 and 1798, early in the administration of John Adams, involving a confrontation between the United States and Republican France that led to an undeclared war called the Quasi-War. American representatives went to France for negotiations, and a French Foreign Minister demanded bribes and a loan before formal negotiations could begin. Although such demands were not uncommon in mainland European diplomacy of the time, the Americans were offended by them, and eventually left France without ever engaging in formal negotiations.
Alien and Sedition Acts
Authored by the Federalists, the laws were purported to strengthen national security, but critics argued that they were an attempt to suppress voters who disagreed with the Federalist party, as they allowed the president to imprison or deport aliens considered “dangerous to the peace and safety of the United States” at any time
Kentucky and Virginia Resolution
political statements drafted in 1798 and 1799, in which the Kentucky and Virginia legislatures took the position that the federal Alien and Sedition Acts were unconstitutional. The resolutions argued that the states had the right and the duty to declare unconstitutional any acts of Congress that were not authorized by the Constitution. In doing so, they argued for states’ rights and strict constructionism of the Constitution.
Resolution of 1800
a resolution drafted by James Madison arguing for the sovereignty of the individual states under the United States Constitution and against the Alien and Sedition Acts. Adopted by the Virginia General Assembly in January 1800, the Report amends arguments from the 1798 Virginia Resolutions and attempts to resolve contemporary criticisms against the Resolutions.
The Louisiana Purchase
The Louisiana Purchase (1803) was a land deal between the United States and France, in which the U.S. acquired approximately 827,000 square miles of land west of the Mississippi River for $15 million dollars.
Lewis and Clark
he Lewis and Clark Expedition, also known as the Corps of Discovery Expedition, was the first American expedition to cross what is now the western portion of the United States, departing in May 1804, from near St. Louis on the Mississippi River, making their way westward through the continental divide to the Pacific coast.
