Chapter 1 - The New Global World Flashcards
Mayans
A Mesoamerican civilization, noted for its written language, art, math, and astronomy. Lived in Central America.
Bering Strait
A strait (a narrow passage of water connecting two bodies of water) between Russia and Alaska.
Aztecs
A Native American people who ruled Mexico and neighboring areas before the Spanish conquered the region in the sixteenth century (Hernando Cortés).
Hernan de Soto
A Spanish explorer and conquistador who led the first European expedition into the territory of the modern day United States, and the first documented European to have crossed the Mississippi River.
European Peasant Society
Peasants who lives in small, compact agricultural villages surrounded by open fields.
Roman Catholic Church
The branch of Christianity headed by the pope. A source of absolute authority and a influential container of monarchy.
Crusades
A medieval military expedition, one of a series made by Europeans to recover the Holy Land from Muslims in the 11-13th centuries.
The Renaissance
The cultural rebirth that occurred in Europe from roughly the 14th through the middle of the 17th centuries, based on the rediscovery of literature of Greece and Rome.
Portuguese exploration and trade
They brought coconuts from East Africa, oranges and lemons from the Mediterranean, and most importantly SLAVES. Eventually led to Bartholomew Dias rounding the Cape of Good Hope.
Ferdinand and Isabel
The union of Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabel I of Castile, brining together Spain. They financed Columbus’ expedition the India, which resulted in the discovery of the Americas.
Christopher Columbus
An Italian explorer, navigator, and colonizer. Under the auspices of the Ferdinand and Isabel he completed four voyages across the Atlantic Ocean.
Hernan Cortez
A Spanish conquistador who led an expedition that led to fall of the Aztec empire.
Moctezuma
Last Aztec emperor in Mexico, was overthrown by Hernan Cortes.
Smallpox
An acute contagious viral disease. Killed thousand Native Americans and assisted the Europeans in conquering them.
Francisco Pizarro
A Spanish conquistador who conquered the Incan Empire.
Encomiendas
A grant by the Spanish crown to a colonist in America conferring the right to demand tribute and forced labor from the Indian inhabitants in the area.
Colombian exchange
A vast intercontinental movement of the plants, animals, and disease that changed course of historical development.
Martin Luther
A German friar, Catholic priest, and professor of theology and seminal figure of the 16th century movement in Christianity known as the Reformation. Posted his 95 theses in Latin October 31, 1517.
King Henry VIII
King of England (1509-1547); established the Anglican Church with the Act of Supremacy in 1534.
Puritans
A group of English Protestants who regarded the Reformation movement of the Church of England under Elizabeth as incomplete and sought to simplify and regulate forms of worship.
Spanish Armada
A Spanish naval invasion force sent against England by Philip II of Spain in 1588. It was defeated by the English fleet and almost completely by storms off the Hebrides.
Mercantilism
The economic theory that trade generates wealth and is stimulated by the accumulation of profitable balances, which a government should encourage by taxing imports; was dependent on silver bullions and colonies.
Treaty of Tordesillas
1494; an agreement between Spain and Portugal aimed at settling conflicts over lands newly discovered or explored by Columbus.
