Chapter 8 Flashcards
Excess vote
Concentrates opposition supporters into a few districts
One has an overwhelming majority
Wasted vote
Spreads opposition supporters across many districts but in the minority
Stacked vote
Links distant areas of like-minded voters through oddly shaped boundaries
Elongated states
Malawi, Mozambique, Gambia
Suffer from poor internal communications
Chile
Prorupted
To get access to a resource
To separate two states from sharing boundaries
Congo and Namibia (Germans wanted to interrupt British communications)
Afghanistan (prevent russia and pak)
Perforated
A state that completely surrounds another
South Africa is perforated and surrounds Lesotho
Vatican and San Marino
Fragmented states
Tanzania and its island with two different groups (Zanzibar and tanganyika)
Indonesia, Angola eye.
Russia was one it had territory taken from Germans
Landlocked
Mali, Niger, chad, Central African Republic, South Sudan, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Zambia, Malawi, Zimbabwe, Botswana m, Lesotho, Swaziland
Railroads caused this issue
Most common in Africa
Direct access to ocean is important cuz it facilitates international trade
Geometric boundaries
Straight lines drawn on a map
Libya versus chad -apzou strip
Us and Canada( Libya has it)
Ethnic boundaries
Basis of nation state
Language is important for drawing boundaries in Europe
Religion: Pakistan and India and Ireland
Cyprus’s green line boundary
More Greeks than Turks Third largest island Wall was constructed Plan for reunification was rejected by the Greek side (Turks are north btw)
Demarcating boundaries with gps
North and South Carolina
Joint boundary commission in 2010
Used GPS to find the exact boundary between north and south
Water boundaries
Very common in Africa
The law of the sea
The law of the sea was signed by 158 countries makes it 12 nautical miles States have rights to fish within 200 miles Internal waters (foreign vessels have no right of passage) versus territorial waters(states may set laws regulating passage) versus contiguous zone(laws for pollution immigration customs etc.) versus baseline (low water line)
Unitary states
Common in Europe
China
