Chapter 2

Question 0

Arithmetic density

Answer 0

Total number of people divided by land area

• total number of objects in an area
• essentially how many people

Question 1

Agricultural density

Answer 1

The ratio of the number of farmers to the total amount of land suitable for agriculture
(Helps account for economic differences in different countries)
Developed countries don’t have as many farmers needed

Question 2

Census

Answer 2

Complete enumeration of a population
-every ten years
Sampling and nonparticipation

Question 3

Crude birth rate (CBR)(also answer for death rate)

Answer 3

The total number of live births in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society

Question 4

Demographic transition

Answer 4

The process of change in a society’s population from high CBR and CDR to low CBR and CDR, and higher total population (same natural increase) ?

Question 5

Demography

Answer 5

Scientific study of population characteristics

-demographers look statistically at how people are distributed spatially by age, gender, etc.

Question 6

Dependency ratio

Answer 6

Number of people under 15 and over 64 compared to the number of people active in the labor force

Question 7

Doubling time

Answer 7

The number of years needed to double a population, assuming a constant rate of natural increase

Question 8

Ecumene

Answer 8

The portion of Earth’s surface occupied by permanent human settlement

Question 9

Epidemiological transition

Answer 9

Distinctive causes of death in each stage of the demographic transition

Question 10

Epidemiology

Answer 10

The branch of medical science concerned with the incidence, distribution, and control of diseases that are prevalent among a population at a special time and are produced by some special causes not generally present in the affected locality

Question 11

Industrial revolution

Answer 11

Series of improvements in industrial technology that transformed the process of manufacturing goods

Question 12

Infant mortality rate(IMR)

Answer 12

Total number of deaths in a year among infants under one year of age for every 1,000 live births in a society

Question 13

Life expectancy

Answer 13

Average number of years an individual can be expected to live, given current social, economic, and medical conditions.

Question 14

Medical revolution

Answer 14

Medical technology invented in Europe and North America that has diffused to the poorer countries in Latin America, Asia, and Africa

Question 15

Natural increase rate (NIR)

Answer 15

Percentage growth of a population in a year, computed as the crude birth rate minus the crude death rate

Question 16

Overpopulation

Answer 16

Occurs when the number of people in an area exceeds the capacity of the environment to support life at a decent standard of living

Question 17

Pandemic

Answer 17

Disease that occurs over a wide geographic area and affects a very high proportion of the population

Question 18

Physiological density

Answer 18

The number of people per unit of arable land, which is land suitable for agriculture
-land that could possibly be farmed (how many people they have to squeeze on)

Question 19

Population pyramid

Answer 19

A bar graph that represents the distribution of population by age and sex

Question 20

Sex ratio

Answer 20

Number of makes per 100 females in the population

Question 21

Total fertility rate (TfR)

Answer 21

The average number of children a woman will have throughout her childbearing years
-use this to measure number of births in a society

Question 22

Zero population growth (ZPG)

Answer 22

A decline of the total fertility rate to the point where the natural increase rate equals zero

Question 23

Why is the study of population critically important?

Answer 23

• more people are alive at this time- more than 7 billion- than at any point in Earth’s history
• increased at a faster rate during the second half of the twentieth than ever before
• virtually all global population growth is concentrated in developing countries

Question 24

Cartogram

Answer 24

Depicts the sizes of countries according to population rather than land area

Question 25

Permafrost

Answer 25

Permanently frozen

Question 26

Socialist versus capitalist

Answer 26

Look up