Chapter 8 Flashcards

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1
Q

Cell Cycle

A

The sequence of events during which a cell experiences a period of growth followed by nuclear division and cytokinesis.

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2
Q

Mitosis

A

Nuclear division that produces daughter nuclei that are exact genetic copies of the parental nucleus

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3
Q

Meiosis

A

The division of diploid cells to haploid progeny. Consisting of two sequential rounds of nuclear and cellular division

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4
Q

Chromosome

A

The nuclear unit of genetic information, consisting of a DNA molecule and associated proteins.

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5
Q

Ploidy

A

The number of chromosome sets of a cell or species

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6
Q

Haploid

A

An organism or cell with only one copy of each type of chromosome in its nuclei

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7
Q

Diploid

A

An organism or cell with two copies of each type or chromosome in its nuclei

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8
Q

Chromatid

A

One half of a replicated chromosome. Each chromatid is one double helix of DNA.

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9
Q

Chromosome segregation

A

The equal distribution of daughter chromosomes to each of the two cells that result from cell division

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10
Q

Spindle

A

The structure that separates sister chromatids and moves them to opposite spindle poles

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11
Q

Centromere

A

A specialized chromosomal region that connects sister chromatids and attaches them to the mitotic spindle

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12
Q

Centrosome

A

The main microtubule organizing centre of the cell, which organizes the microtubules cytoskeleton during interphase and positions many of the cytoplasmic organelles.

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13
Q

Kinechore

A

A specialized structure consisting of proteins attached to a centromere that mediates the attachment and movement of chromosomes along the mitotic spindle.

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14
Q

Cleavage furrow

A

Mitotic cell divisions of the zygote that produce a blastula from a fertilized ovum.

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15
Q

Cell plate

A

In cytokinesis in plants, a new cell wall that forms between the daughter nuclei and grows laterally until it divides the cytoplasm

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16
Q

Binary Fission

A

Prokaryotic cell division- splitting or dividing into two parts

17
Q

Origin of Replication

A

A specific region at which replication of a bacterial chromosome commences

18
Q

Interphase

A

The first stage of the mitotic cell cycle, during which the cell grows and replicates its DNA before undergoing mitosis and cytokinesis.

19
Q

G1 Phase

A

The initial growth stage of the cell cycle in eukaryotes, during which the cell makes proteins and other types of cellular molecules but not nuclear DNA

20
Q

S Phase

A

The phase of the cell cycle in which DNA replication occurs

21
Q

G2 Phase

A

The phase of the cell cycle in eukaryotes during which the cell continues to synthesize proteins and grow completing interphase.

22
Q

G0 Phase

A

The phase of the cell cycle in eukaryotes in which many cell types stop dividing

23
Q

Prophase

A

The beginning phase of mitosis during which the duplicated chromosomes within the nucleus condense from a greatly extended state into compact, rod-like structures

24
Q

Prometaphase

A

A transition period between prophase and metaphase during which the microtubules of the mitotic spindle attach to the kinechores and the chromosomes shuffle until they align in the centre of the cell

25
Q

Metaphase

A

The phase of mitosis during which the spindle reaches its final form and the spindle microtubules move the chromosomes into alignment at the spindle midpoint

26
Q

Anaphase

A

The phase of mitosis during which the spindle separates sister chromatids and pulls them to opposite spindle pores

27
Q

Telophase

A

The final phase of mitosis, during which the spindle disassembles, the chromosomes decondense, and the nuclei re-form

28
Q

Cytokinesis

A

Division if the cytoplasm into two daughter cells following the nuclear divison stage of mitosis