Chapter 11: Genes Chromosomes and Human Genetics Flashcards
Genetic Linkage
When genes you want to study are on the same chromosome.
Recombination
The rearrangement of genetic material, especially by crossing over in chromosomes or by the artificial joining of segments of DNA from different organisms.
Recombination Frequency
A measure of genetic linkage that is used in the creation of genetic linkage map. Recombination frequency is the frequency with which a single chromosomal crossover will take place between two genes during meiosis.
Linkage map
A map of the genes on a chromosome based on linkage analysis. A linkage map does not show the physical distances between genes but rather their relative positions, as determined by how often two gene loci are inherited together.
Parental and recombinant progeny
Two types of gametes are possible when following genes on the same chromosomes. If crossing over does not occur, the products are parental gametes. If crossing over occurs the products are recombinant gametes.
Sex-linked
A gene or characteristic of inheritance which is carried by a sex chromosome.
Reciprocal cross
A pair of crosses between a male of one strain and a female of another, and vice versa.
Pedigree
A pedigree is used to track the pattern of inheritance of a specific characteristic in order to make predictions about that trait.
Carrier
A person or other organism that had inherited a recessive allele for a genetic trait or mutation but does not display that trait or show symptoms of the disease.
Affected
Shown on a pedigree by filling in the square/circle. This represents an individual that does NOT have the trait which the pedigree is tracking.
Unaffected
Shown on a pedigree by NOT filling in the square/circle. This represents an individual that does have the trait which the pedigree is tracking.
Deletion
A chromosome abnormality in which part of a single chromosome has been lost.
Duplication
A major mechanism through which new genetic material is generated during molecular evolution. It can be defined as any duplication of a region of DNA that contains a gene.
Translocation
In genetics, a chromosome translocation is a chromosome abnormality caused by rearrangement of parts between nonhomologus chromosomes.
Inversion
A chromosome rearrangement in which a segment of a chromosome is reversed end to end. An inversion occurs when a single chromosome undergoes breakage and rearrangement within itself..
