Chapter 8 Flashcards
Encoding
Process of storaging of information
Storage
Information is held to be retrieved
Retrieval
Recalling stored information
Automatic Processing
Unconscious encoding. Location, Time, Frequency
Effortful Processing
Require concentrated encoding
Encoding failure
Information never enters long term memory
Maintenance rehearsal
Conscious repetition of information
Elaborative rehearsal
Relating new info to old info in long term memory
Meaningfulness rehearsal
Make information meaningful
Self-Reference effect
Relating material to you
Spacing effect
Spaced out studying yields higher longer term memory
Serial Position Effect
Recall first (primary) and last (recency) items on a list but not middle
Chunking
Organizing items into familiar manageable units
Sensory Memory
The initial recording of sensory information
Iconic memory
Exact replication of scene, Few tenths of a second
Echoic memory
Sensory memory of Auditory stimuli, 3-4 seconds
Short Term Memory
Working memory, 15-25 seconds
Long Term Memory
Explicit and Implicit
Explicit memory
Conscious recall. Semantic and Episodic memory
Implicit memory
Without conscious recall. Procedural memory and priming
Semantic memory
Facts and general knowledge
Episodic memory
Memories tied to personal experiences
Procedural memory
Motor and cognitive skills
Priming
Activation of one or more existing memories by stimulus. Conceptual and Perceptual
Conceptual Priming
Priming stimulus affect your thoughts
Perceptual Priming
Priming based on the physical form of stimulus
Recognition
Identify previously learned info
Relearning
Time saved when relearning
Mood Congruent Memory
Emotions and mood serve as retrieval cues
State dependent memory
Infor learned in one sates can be recalled in same state
Misinformation effect
Incorporating misinformation in a memory
Retrieval failure
Information is encoded but can not be recalled
Retroactive Interference
New memory interferes with remembering old memory
Proactive Interference
Old memory interferes with remembering new memory
Stress
Retrieval failure
