Chapter 7 Flashcards
Cognitive Psychology
Study how people think
Cognition
Thinking, Perception, Learning, Problem Solving, Judgment, Memory
Schema
Mental construct of related concepts
Concept
Mental grouping of similar things
Incubation
Rest Period
Algorithm
Logical rule/set of instructions
Heuristic
Mental Shortcut
Insight
Sudden Realization
Fixation
tendency to approach a problem in a particular way. failure to recognize new perspectives
Functional Fixation
inability to see an object as useful for any other use other than the one for which it was intended
Confirmation Bias
Focus on information that reinforces your beliefs
Framing
How information is presented
Belief Perseverance
Ignore the facts that debase your theory
Prototype
Best example of a catagory
Gambler’s Fallacy
Belief that if a particular outcome has not occurred for a while its turn has come
Overconfidence phenomenon
tendency to be more confident than correct
Lexicon
our spoken, written, or gestured words and the way we combine them to communicate meaning
Imaginal Thought
Conscious or unconscious manipulation of mental images
analytical intelligence
aligned with academic problem solving and computations
anchoring bias
faulty heuristic in which you fixate on a single aspect of a problem to find a solution
cognitive script
set of behaviors that are performed the same way each time; also referred to as an event schema
creative intelligence
ability to produce new products, ideas, or inventing a new, novel solution to a problem
crystallized intelligence
characterized by acquired knowledge and the ability to retrieve it
cultural intelligence
ability with which people can understand and relate to those in another culture
divergent thinking
ability to think “outside the box” to arrive at novel solutions to a problem
emotional intelligence
ability to understand emotions and motivations in yourself and others
fluid intelligence
ability to see complex relationships and solve problems
Flynn effect
observation that each generation has a significantly higher IQ than the previous generation
hindsight bias
belief that the event just experienced was predictable, even though it really wasn’t
practical intelligence
aka “street smarts”
standardization
method of testing in which administration, scoring, and interpretation of results are consistent
triarchic theory of intelligence
Sternberg’s theory of intelligence; three facets of intelligence: practical, creative, and analytical
