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Chemistry ✦ (Form 4) > Chapter 8 > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the main component of glass?

A

Silica or silicon dioxide.

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2
Q

What are the main characteristics of glass?

A

Brittle. Chemically inert. Hard. Transparent. Heat insulator. Does not conduct electricity. Not permeable to gas and liquid

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3
Q

What is fused silica glass made of?

A

Silica.

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4
Q

What are the properties of fused silica glass?

A

High melting point. Does not expand or contract easily

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5
Q

What is an example of fused silica glass?

A

Lens of a telescope.

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6
Q

What is soda-lime glass made of?

A

Silica.sodium carbonate. and calcium carbonate.

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7
Q

What are the properties of soda-lime glass?

A

Low melting point. Easily shaped. Cannot withstand high temperature

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8
Q

What is an example of soda-lime glass?

A

Glass container.

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9
Q

What is borosilicate glass made of?

A

Silica. sodium carbonate. calcium carbonate. boron oxide. and aluminium oxide.

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10
Q

What are the properties of borosilicate glass?

A

High melting point. Expands and contracts very little with temperature change. Can withstand high temperature and chemical reactions

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11
Q

What is an example of borosilicate glass?

A

Laboratory glassware.

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12
Q

What is lead glass made of?

A

Silica. sodium carbonate. and lead(II) oxide.

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13
Q

What are the properties of lead glass?

A

High refractive index. High density. Shiny

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14
Q

What is an example of lead glass?

A

Prism.

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15
Q

What are ceramics made of?

A

Inorganic materials and non-metallic compounds.

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16
Q

What is the process for creating ceramics?

A

Heating at high temperatures to form and harden.

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17
Q

What are some examples of materials that make up ceramics?

A

Metal compounds: Aluminium oxide (Al₂O₃). Non-metallic compounds: Titanium carbide (TiC). Semi-metallic compounds: Silicon carbide (SiC)

18
Q

What are the properties of ceramics?

A

Heat insulator. High heat resistance. Fragile. Chemically inert. Electrical insulation. Hard and strong

19
Q

What are traditional ceramics made from?

A

Clay. such as kaolin (Al₂O₃·2SiO₂·2H₂O).

20
Q

What are advanced ceramics made from?

A

Inorganic materials such as oxides. carbides. and nitrides.

21
Q

What is an example of advanced ceramics?

A

Silicon carbide used in cutting discs and brake discs.

22
Q

What are some uses of ceramics in medicine?

A

Zirconia ceramic in dental implants. Alumina ceramic in knee bone. Ceramic used in MRI machines

23
Q

What are some uses of ceramics in transportation?

A

Engine components in jet planes.

24
Q

What are some uses of ceramics in energy production?

A

Electrical insulators in power stations.

25
Q

What is a composite material?

A

A material made from combining two or more non-homogeneous substances (matrix and strengthening substances).

26
Q

What materials are used in reinforced concrete?

A

Cement. gravel. sand. and water.

27
Q

What materials are used in fibre glass?

A

Silica. sodium carbonate. and calcium carbonate.

28
Q

What materials are used in fibre optics?

A

Glass. copper. and aluminium.

29
Q

What materials are used in superconductors?

A

Niobium and germanium.

30
Q

What materials are used in photochromic glass?

A

Molten silica and silver chloride.

31
Q

What are some uses of reinforced concrete?

A

Buildings. Bridges

32
Q

What are some uses of fibre glass?

A

Bumper of cars. Helmets

33
Q

What are some uses of fibre optics?

A

Telecommunication. Computer networks

34
Q

What are some uses of superconductors?

A

Transportation. MRI machine. NMR machine

35
Q

What are some uses of photochromic glass?

A

Windows for buildings and cars. Lens of cameras

36
Q

How does reinforced concrete compare to its original components?

A

Concrete can withstand compression but breaks under stretching. Steel reinforcement increases its compression strength.

37
Q

How does fibre glass compare to its original components?

A

Plastic is weak and soft

38
Q

How does optical fibre compare to its original components?

A

Glass fibre is brittle. but optical fibre has high compression strength.

39
Q

How does photochromic glass compare to its original components?

A

Glass is transparent and does not absorb UV rays. but silver chloride absorbs UV rays while being transparent to visible light.

40
Q

How does a superconductor compare to its original components?

A

Superconductors conduct electricity without resistance at low temperatures. while their components cannot

Chemistry ✦ (Form 4) (11 decks)

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