Chapter 8

Question 1

What is the main component of glass?

Answer 1

Silica or silicon dioxide.

Question 2

What are the main characteristics of glass?

Answer 2

Brittle. Chemically inert. Hard. Transparent. Heat insulator. Does not conduct electricity. Not permeable to gas and liquid

Question 3

What is fused silica glass made of?

Answer 3

Silica.

Question 4

What are the properties of fused silica glass?

Answer 4

High melting point. Does not expand or contract easily

Question 5

What is an example of fused silica glass?

Answer 5

Lens of a telescope.

Question 6

What is soda-lime glass made of?

Answer 6

Silica.sodium carbonate. and calcium carbonate.

Question 7

What are the properties of soda-lime glass?

Answer 7

Low melting point. Easily shaped. Cannot withstand high temperature

Question 8

What is an example of soda-lime glass?

Answer 8

Glass container.

Question 9

What is borosilicate glass made of?

Answer 9

Silica. sodium carbonate. calcium carbonate. boron oxide. and aluminium oxide.

Question 10

What are the properties of borosilicate glass?

Answer 10

High melting point. Expands and contracts very little with temperature change. Can withstand high temperature and chemical reactions

Question 11

What is an example of borosilicate glass?

Answer 11

Laboratory glassware.

Question 12

What is lead glass made of?

Answer 12

Silica. sodium carbonate. and lead(II) oxide.

Question 13

What are the properties of lead glass?

Answer 13

High refractive index. High density. Shiny

Question 14

What is an example of lead glass?

Answer 14

Prism.

Question 15

What are ceramics made of?

Answer 15

Inorganic materials and non-metallic compounds.

Question 16

What is the process for creating ceramics?

Answer 16

Heating at high temperatures to form and harden.

Question 17

What are some examples of materials that make up ceramics?

Answer 17

Metal compounds: Aluminium oxide (Al₂O₃). Non-metallic compounds: Titanium carbide (TiC). Semi-metallic compounds: Silicon carbide (SiC)

Question 18

What are the properties of ceramics?

Answer 18

Heat insulator. High heat resistance. Fragile. Chemically inert. Electrical insulation. Hard and strong

Question 19

What are traditional ceramics made from?

Answer 19

Clay. such as kaolin (Al₂O₃·2SiO₂·2H₂O).

Question 20

What are advanced ceramics made from?

Answer 20

Inorganic materials such as oxides. carbides. and nitrides.

Question 21

What is an example of advanced ceramics?

Answer 21

Silicon carbide used in cutting discs and brake discs.

Question 22

What are some uses of ceramics in medicine?

Answer 22

Zirconia ceramic in dental implants. Alumina ceramic in knee bone. Ceramic used in MRI machines

Question 23

What are some uses of ceramics in transportation?

Answer 23

Engine components in jet planes.

Question 24

What are some uses of ceramics in energy production?

Answer 24

Electrical insulators in power stations.

Question 25

What is a composite material?

Answer 25

A material made from combining two or more non-homogeneous substances (matrix and strengthening substances).

Question 26

What materials are used in reinforced concrete?

Answer 26

Cement. gravel. sand. and water.

Question 27

What materials are used in fibre glass?

Answer 27

Silica. sodium carbonate. and calcium carbonate.

Question 28

What materials are used in fibre optics?

Answer 28

Glass. copper. and aluminium.

Question 29

What materials are used in superconductors?

Answer 29

Niobium and germanium.

Question 30

What materials are used in photochromic glass?

Answer 30

Molten silica and silver chloride.

Question 31

What are some uses of reinforced concrete?

Answer 31

Buildings. Bridges

Question 32

What are some uses of fibre glass?

Answer 32

Bumper of cars. Helmets

Question 33

What are some uses of fibre optics?

Answer 33

Telecommunication. Computer networks

Question 34

What are some uses of superconductors?

Answer 34

Transportation. MRI machine. NMR machine

Question 35

What are some uses of photochromic glass?

Answer 35

Windows for buildings and cars. Lens of cameras

Question 36

How does reinforced concrete compare to its original components?

Answer 36

Concrete can withstand compression but breaks under stretching. Steel reinforcement increases its compression strength.

Question 37

How does fibre glass compare to its original components?

Answer 37

Plastic is weak and soft

Question 38

How does optical fibre compare to its original components?

Answer 38

Glass fibre is brittle. but optical fibre has high compression strength.

Question 39

How does photochromic glass compare to its original components?

Answer 39

Glass is transparent and does not absorb UV rays. but silver chloride absorbs UV rays while being transparent to visible light.

Question 40

How does a superconductor compare to its original components?

Answer 40

Superconductors conduct electricity without resistance at low temperatures. while their components cannot