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Chemistry ✦ (Form 4) > Chapter 6 (6.7 - 6.8) > Flashcards

Chapter 6 (6.7 - 6.8) Flashcards

1
Q

What is neutralisation?

A

A: The reaction of an acid with a base or alkali to form salt and water.

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2
Q

What is the neutralisation reaction between hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide?

A

HCl + NaOH →NaCl + H2O

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3
Q

What is the reaction between sulfuric acid and copper(II) oxide?

A

H2SO4 + CuO →CuSO4 +H2O

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4
Q

Write the reaction between nitric acid and calcium hydroxide.

A

2HNO3 + Ca(OH)2 → Ca(NO3)2 +H2O

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5
Q

Name one application of neutralisation in industry.

A

Calcium carbonate is used to remove acidic gases such as sulfur dioxide before they are released into the air.

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6
Q

What is the titration method?

A

A quantitative analysis method to determine the volume of acid needed to neutralise a given volume of alkali (or vice versa).

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7
Q

What is the endpoint in titration?

A

The point where the acid-base indicator changes color, indicating neutralisation.

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8
Q

What apparatus is used in a titration setup?

A

Burette (holds the acid or base).
Conical flask (contains the other reactant and indicator).
Retort stand (supports the burette).
White tile (to observe color change).

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9
Q

What is the role of an indicator in titration?

A

A: To signal the endpoint by changing color when neutralisation occurs.

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10
Q

What color does phenolphthalein show in an acidic and neutral solution?

A

A: Colorless.

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11
Q

What color does phenolphthalein show in an alkaline solution?

A

A: Light pink.

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12
Q

What color does methyl orange show in an acidic solution?

A

A: Red.

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13
Q

What color does methyl orange show in an alkaline solution?

A

A: Yellow.

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14
Q

What color does methyl orange show in a neutral solution?

A

A: Orange.

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15
Q

What is the pH range for phenolphthalein?

A

A: It changes color in the pH range of 4.8 to 7.0.

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16
Q

What is the pH range for methyl orange?

A

A: It changes color in the pH range of 3.4 to 4.4.

17
Q

What is a strong acid-strong base neutralisation reaction?

A

It results in the formation of neutral salt and water
(e.g., HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H₂O

18
Q

What is a weak acid-strong base neutralisation reaction?

A

A: It results in the formation of a basic salt and water
(e.g., CH₃COOH + NaOH → CH₃COONa + H₂O).

19
Q

What is a strong acid-weak base neutralisation reaction?

A

It results in the formation of an acidic salt and water
(e.g., HCl + NH₃ → NH₄Cl + H₂O).

20
Q

What is a weak acid-weak base neutralisation reaction?

A

It results in the formation of a neutral salt and water
(e.g., H₂CO₃ + NH₄OH → NH₄CO₃ + H₂O).

21
Q

What factors affect the rate of neutralisation?

A

Concentration of reactants.
Temperature (higher temperature speeds up reactions).
Surface area of the solid reactant.
Stirring to evenly mix the reactants.

22
Q

What is the definition of salt?

A

An ionic compound formed when the hydrogen ion (H⁺) from an acid is replaced by a metal ion or ammonium ion (NH₄⁺).

23
Q

What is formed when an acid reacts with a base (alkali)?

A

A: Salt and water. This is a neutralisation reaction.

24
Q

What happens when an acid reacts with a reactive metal?

A

Salt and hydrogen gas are produced.

25
Q

What is the result of the reaction between an acid and a metal carbonate?

A

Salt, water, and carbon dioxide are produced.

26
Q

What is formed when an acid reacts with aqueous ammonia?

A

Ammonium salt is produced.

27
Q

What is the use of ammonium nitrate in agriculture?

A

It is used as a fertiliser.

28
Q

What is the use of iron(II) sulphate in agriculture?

A

A: It is used as a pesticide.

29
Q

How is calcium sulphate used in medicine?

A

It is used to make Plaster of Paris to support broken bones.

30
Q

What is the use of potassium manganate(VII) in medicine?

A

It is used as an antiseptic to treat wounds.

31
Q

How is sodium chloride used in food?

A

It is used as a food flavouring.

32
Q

What is the use of sodium bicarbonate in food?

A

It is used for raising dough in baking.

33
Q

How is sodium benzoate used in preservation?

A

It is used to preserve chilli sauce.

34
Q

What is the use of sodium nitrate in preservation?

A

A: It is used to preserve processed meat (e.g., sausages).

Chemistry ✦ (Form 4) (11 decks)

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