Chapter 2

Question 1

What is matter?

Answer 1

Something that has mass and occupies space

Matter consists of tiny and discrete particles.

Question 2

What are the three states of matter?

Answer 2

• Solid
• Liquid
• Gas

Question 3

How can matter be classified?

Answer 3

• Element
• Compound

Question 4

Define an element.

Answer 4

Substances that only consist of one type of atom, such as pure iron metal.

Question 5

Define a compound.

Answer 5

Substances that consist of more than one element that form a molecule.

Question 6

What is an atom?

Answer 6

Smallest and indivisible particles of an element.

Question 7

What is a molecule?

Answer 7

Compound made up of two or more atoms (different or same kind of atoms).

Question 8

What is an ion?

Answer 8

Particles that carry charges [cation(+) or anion(-)].

Question 9

How are particles arranged in a solid?

Answer 9

Packed very closely.

Question 10

Describe the movement of particles in a liquid.

Answer 10

Move randomly and slowly.

Question 11

What is the kinetic energy level in gases?

Answer 11

High speed.

Question 12

Rate of diffusion in solids is:

Answer 12

Low.

Question 13

What happens during melting?

Answer 13

Solid is heated, particles obtain energy and vibrate at a faster rate.

Question 14

What is vaporization?

Answer 14

Occurs in two conditions: either evaporation or boiling.

Question 15

Define freezing.

Answer 15

Temperature drops and heat energy is released, changing liquid to solid.

Question 16

What is condensation?

Answer 16

A process by which a gas or vapor changes to liquid state at a certain temperature.

Question 17

What is sublimation?

Answer 17

A process of conversion of a substance from the solid to the vapor state without its becoming liquid.

Question 18

What occurs at the melting point?

Answer 18

The temperature remains constant as heat energy is used to break the bond.

Question 19

Describe the arrangement of particles in a solid state.

Answer 19

Very closely packed together in an orderly manner.

Question 20

What is the relationship between energy produced during bond formation and heat released during cooling?

Answer 20

They are equal during the freezing point transition.

Question 21

What experiment did Chadwick conduct to discover neutrons?

Answer 21

Bombarded beryllium-9 with alpha particles

This led to the identification of neutrons in the atomic nucleus.

Question 22

John Dalton

Answer 22

Atoms

Question 23

JJ Thomson

Answer 23

Electrons

Question 24

Ernest Rutherford

Answer 24

Protons

Question 25

Niels Bohr

Answer 25

Shells

Question 26

James Chadwick

Answer 26

Neutrons

Question 27

Definition of Isotopes

Answer 27

Atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons.

Question 28

Definition of Natural Abundance

Answer 28

The percentage of isotopes present in a natural sample of an element.

Question 29

What is Sodium-24 used for?

Answer 29

Detecting leakage in underground pipes

Question 30

What is the application of Hydrogen-3?

Answer 30

As a detector to study sewage and liquid wastes

Question 31

What does Carbon-14 help estimate?

Answer 31

The age of artifacts or fossils

Question 32

What is Lead-210 used for?

Answer 32

Determining the age of sand and earth layers up to 80 years

Question 33

What is the primary use of Uranium-235?

Answer 33

Generating electricity through nuclear power generator

Question 34

What does Phosphorus-32 study?

Answer 34

Plant metabolism

Question 35

What is Iodine-131 used to treat?

Answer 35

Thyroid disorders such as hyperthyroidism and thyroid cancer

Question 36

What is the role of Cobalt-60 in medicine?

Answer 36

In radiotherapy to kill cancer cells without surgery