chapter 8

Question 1

nucleus of atom contains:

Answer 1

protons and neutrons

Question 2

nucleons account for

Answer 2

mass

Question 3

location, mass, charge of proton

Answer 3

• nucleus
• 1
• +1

Question 4

location, mass, charge of nuetron

Answer 4

• nucleus, 1, neutral (0)

Question 5

location, mass, charge of electron

Answer 5

• around the nucleus
• 1/1840 (negligible)
• negative (-1)

Question 6

proton/atomic number

Answer 6

• number of protons in an atoms (+1)
• equal to the number of electrons (-1)

Question 7

charge of an ATOM is:

Answer 7

neutral

Question 8

atomic mass/ nucleon number

Answer 8

• number of protons and neutrons in the atom

Question 9

configuration of soidum
- atomic number: 11
- relative atomic mass: 22.99

Answer 9

• 11 protons
• 11 electrons
• 12 neutrons

Question 10

why arent electron’s mass not added to the mass number

Answer 10

• the mass of electrons are very small/negligable

Question 11

isotopes definition

Answer 11

• atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons
• affects the mass number

Question 12

properties of isotopes (chemical, physical)

Answer 12

• same chemical properties
• different physical properties

Question 13

how are electrons arranged

Answer 13

• around the nucleus in shells

Question 14

shell maximum

Answer 14

• shell 1: 2
• shell 2: 8
• shell 3: 8

Question 15

the outermost shell is known as the

Answer 15

• valence shell

Question 16

electrons in the outermost shell are known as

Answer 16

• valence electrons

Question 17

elements with the same number of valence electrons have:

Answer 17

similar chemical properties

Question 18

electrons of the same group have:

Answer 18

the same number of valence electrons

Question 19

electrons of the same period have:

Answer 19

the same number of electron shells

Question 20

ions definition:

Answer 20

charged particles (positively/negatively)

Question 21

atoms become ions through:

Answer 21

• gaining/losing electrons to obtain electronic structure of a noble gas

Question 22

cation is

Answer 22

• a positive ion
• formed when an atom loses electrons

Question 23

examples of cations:

Answer 23

• metals with 1, 2, 3 valence elcetrons
• charges: 1+, 2+, 3+

Question 24

anion

Answer 24

• negative ion
• formed when an atom gains electrons

Question 25

examples of anions:

Answer 25

• non-metals with 5, 6 ,7 valence electrons
• charges: 3-, 2-, 1-

Question 26

why don’t group 18 form ions?

Answer 26

• they have completely filled valence shells

Question 27

ions in the same group have:

Answer 27

• the same charge