chapter 15 Flashcards
what is the transport system
made out of different parts that each serve a function and work together to move substances around a human/plant
transport systems in humans
- heart
- blood
- blood vessels
where is the heart located
near the centre of the chest
how big is the heart
- size of a fist
characteristics of heart
- strong muscles
- as heart pumps, blood is circulated in the body from head to toe
blood contents
- plasma
- platelets and whiteblood cells
- redblood cells
plasma
transport water and dissolved substances (digested food, mineral salts, waste products) to different parts of the body
- more than half the volume of blood
redblood cells
transport oxygen to different parts of the body
- millions make up each drop of blood
- bi-concave shape to allow easy exchange of gasses
platelets and whiteblood cells
serve protective function
types of blood vessels
- artery
- veins
- capillary
artery
carries blood rich in oxygen away from the heart to the rest of the body
- blood rich in digested food which is absorbed from the small intestine
- highest pressure
capillaries
- arteries branch out to small blood vessels, capillaries
- smallest and most numerous blood vessels found in the body
- carry oxygen and digested food in the blood to the cells of the body
- transport carbon dioxide and waste substances away from the cell
- exchange of gasses (diffusion), allowing cell to function effectively
veins
- capillaries join to form larger blood vessels, known as veins
- carry blood rich in carbon dioxide and waste substance towards the heart
- blood returned is then pumped to lungs to receive fresh supply of oxygen
where are capillaries located and why?
- capillaries are located so close to the cells of the body
- thin walls to allow diffusion/exchange of substances
movement of substances in and out of capillary
- oxygen and digested food diffuse out of the capillary and into cells in the body
- concentration of oxygen in red blood cells decrease as they move through the capillary
- carbon dioxide and waste substances produced by cells in the body diffuse into the capillary and are transported away
transport systems components
- leaf
- roots
- stem
different tissues in plants
- xylem (water, mineral salts)
- phloem (sugar)
how are the different tissues located
- WIFO
- water in (xylem)
- food out (phloem, sugar)
how does the xylem transport water and mineral salts?
- roots absorb the water and mineral salts, moving upward to the leaves and other parts
how does the phloem transport sugar?
- leaves trap sunlight to produce sugar, and moves upwards and downwards direction
why do multicellular organisms need transport systems
allows substances to be transported quickly in organisms
why dont unicellular organisms need transport systems
digested food, oxygen, waste substance can be carried to cells/removed from organisms quickly
diffusion definition
- the net movement of substances from a region of higher concentration to a region with lower concentration
diffusion example
- there is a higher concentration of oxygen and digested food in the capillaries than the tissues
- diffuse from capillaries to tissues
- there is a higher concentration of carbon dioxide and waste substance in the tissues than the capillaries
- diffuse from tissue to capillaries
diffusion example leaves
- oxygen diffuses within the leaf, where it is of higher concentration compared to the surroundings
- water vapour is also released
- carbon dioxide diffuses from the air, where it is of higher concentration compared to the surroundings
diffusion example roots
- dissolved mineral salts diffuse into root cells
- mineral salts diffuse from root cells into xylem
- mineral salts are transported to the rest of the plant through the xylem
- root cells have a lower concentration of dissolved mineral cells as compared to in the soil
osmosis
- net transfer of water molecules from a region with higher concentration to a region with lower concentration through a semi-permeable membrane
osmosis in roots
- more water molecules are present in the soil as compared to the root cells
- root cells have cell membranes that are semi-permeable
- water enters root cells through osmosis
- water moves across root cells cell to cell via osmosis
- water is transported to the rest of the plant via xylem
nearvous system
- poor balance and coordination
- slower reaction
- insomia
- anxiety
circulatory system
- irregular heartbeat
- increase heart rate
- anything related to heart/blood
respiratory system
- lung cancer
- emphysema
digestive system
- nausea
- increased risk of mouth/throat caner
- tooth decay
- stomach ulcer
reproductive system
- infertility
ethical issues for organ transplant
- is donor making decision willingly
- is donor given full info about organ donation to make decision
- ensure fairness of allocation of organs
- increase patients survival
- alternative treatments while patient is waiting
- age
- improved quality of life
