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yr 2 science eye > chapter 15 > Flashcards

chapter 15 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is the transport system

A

made out of different parts that each serve a function and work together to move substances around a human/plant

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2
Q

transport systems in humans

A
  • heart
  • blood
  • blood vessels
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3
Q

where is the heart located

A

near the centre of the chest

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4
Q

how big is the heart

A
  • size of a fist
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5
Q

characteristics of heart

A
  • strong muscles
  • as heart pumps, blood is circulated in the body from head to toe
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6
Q

blood contents

A
  • plasma
  • platelets and whiteblood cells
  • redblood cells
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7
Q

plasma

A

transport water and dissolved substances (digested food, mineral salts, waste products) to different parts of the body
- more than half the volume of blood

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8
Q

redblood cells

A

transport oxygen to different parts of the body
- millions make up each drop of blood
- bi-concave shape to allow easy exchange of gasses

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9
Q

platelets and whiteblood cells

A

serve protective function

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10
Q

types of blood vessels

A
  • artery
  • veins
  • capillary
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11
Q

artery

A

carries blood rich in oxygen away from the heart to the rest of the body
- blood rich in digested food which is absorbed from the small intestine
- highest pressure

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12
Q

capillaries

A
  • arteries branch out to small blood vessels, capillaries
  • smallest and most numerous blood vessels found in the body
  • carry oxygen and digested food in the blood to the cells of the body
  • transport carbon dioxide and waste substances away from the cell
  • exchange of gasses (diffusion), allowing cell to function effectively
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13
Q

veins

A
  • capillaries join to form larger blood vessels, known as veins
  • carry blood rich in carbon dioxide and waste substance towards the heart
  • blood returned is then pumped to lungs to receive fresh supply of oxygen
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14
Q

where are capillaries located and why?

A
  • capillaries are located so close to the cells of the body
  • thin walls to allow diffusion/exchange of substances
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15
Q

movement of substances in and out of capillary

A
  • oxygen and digested food diffuse out of the capillary and into cells in the body
  • concentration of oxygen in red blood cells decrease as they move through the capillary
  • carbon dioxide and waste substances produced by cells in the body diffuse into the capillary and are transported away
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16
Q

transport systems components

A
  • leaf
  • roots
  • stem
17
Q

different tissues in plants

A
  • xylem (water, mineral salts)
  • phloem (sugar)
18
Q

how are the different tissues located

A
  • WIFO
  • water in (xylem)
  • food out (phloem, sugar)
19
Q

how does the xylem transport water and mineral salts?

A
  • roots absorb the water and mineral salts, moving upward to the leaves and other parts
20
Q

how does the phloem transport sugar?

A
  • leaves trap sunlight to produce sugar, and moves upwards and downwards direction
21
Q

why do multicellular organisms need transport systems

A

allows substances to be transported quickly in organisms

22
Q

why dont unicellular organisms need transport systems

A

digested food, oxygen, waste substance can be carried to cells/removed from organisms quickly

23
Q

diffusion definition

A
  • the net movement of substances from a region of higher concentration to a region with lower concentration
24
Q

diffusion example

A
  • there is a higher concentration of oxygen and digested food in the capillaries than the tissues
  • diffuse from capillaries to tissues
  • there is a higher concentration of carbon dioxide and waste substance in the tissues than the capillaries
  • diffuse from tissue to capillaries
25
Q

diffusion example leaves

A
  • oxygen diffuses within the leaf, where it is of higher concentration compared to the surroundings
  • water vapour is also released
  • carbon dioxide diffuses from the air, where it is of higher concentration compared to the surroundings
26
Q

diffusion example roots

A
  • dissolved mineral salts diffuse into root cells
  • mineral salts diffuse from root cells into xylem
  • mineral salts are transported to the rest of the plant through the xylem
  • root cells have a lower concentration of dissolved mineral cells as compared to in the soil
27
Q

osmosis

A
  • net transfer of water molecules from a region with higher concentration to a region with lower concentration through a semi-permeable membrane
28
Q

osmosis in roots

A
  • more water molecules are present in the soil as compared to the root cells
  • root cells have cell membranes that are semi-permeable
  • water enters root cells through osmosis
  • water moves across root cells cell to cell via osmosis
  • water is transported to the rest of the plant via xylem
29
Q

nearvous system

A
  • poor balance and coordination
  • slower reaction
  • insomia
  • anxiety
30
Q

circulatory system

A
  • irregular heartbeat
  • increase heart rate
  • anything related to heart/blood
31
Q

respiratory system

A
  • lung cancer
  • emphysema
32
Q

digestive system

A
  • nausea
  • increased risk of mouth/throat caner
  • tooth decay
  • stomach ulcer
33
Q

reproductive system

A
  • infertility
34
Q

ethical issues for organ transplant

A
  • is donor making decision willingly
  • is donor given full info about organ donation to make decision
  • ensure fairness of allocation of organs
  • increase patients survival
  • alternative treatments while patient is waiting
  • age
  • improved quality of life

yr 2 science eye (12 decks)

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