Chapter 8

Question 1

View according to which scie tific ideas and knowledge can never be absolutely certain, but only subject to varying degrees of ‘belief’

Answer 1

Pragmatism

Question 2

Theory that states that an emotion is actually the consequence rather than the cause of the physiological effects associated with its expression

Answer 2

James-Lange theory of emotion

Question 3

The position that the causes of phenomena and events can be found entirely in the material world

Answer 3

Determinism

Question 4

With which four categories did James extend Peirce’s pragmatism?

Answer 4

1. Emotional ideas
2. Ethical ideas
3. Religious ideas
4. Scientific theories

Question 5

Theory according to which the stages of each person’s intellectual, emotional, and psychological development pass through the same ones as our pre-human ancestors

Answer 5

Recaputalationism

Question 6

The study of how we come to acquire knowledge

Answer 6

Epistemology

Question 7

When particular stimulus-response sequences are followed by pleasure, those responses tend to be strengthened in the subject’s repertoire; responses followed by annoyance or pain tend to be weakened

Answer 7

Law of effect

Question 8

The effect of instruction and exercise in one mental function on performance in a different one

Answer 8

Transfer of training

Question 9

Movement that focused attention on the utility and purpose of behaviour and was a direct outgrowth of Darwinian thinking

Answer 9

Functionalism