Chapter 7

Question 1

Exhibit where devices measured or tested the subjects in some way

Answer 1

Anthropogenic Laboratory

Question 2

Discipline that focuses on the measurement and study of variations among people on a psychological characteristic, rather than the general qualities of that characteristic

Answer 2

Psychology of individual differences

Question 3

What were the three arguments presented in Hereditary Genius that supported his idea based on?

Answer 3

1. The normal distribution of intellectual qualities
2. The specific patterns of eminent relatives
3. An elementary comparison of adoptive versus biological relatives

Question 4

Which three questions did Galton regard as particularly important in his self-questionnaire?

Answer 4

1. Tracing the origins of their interests in science
2. Estimate the degree to which scientific tastes had been innate
3. Describe events that influenced them

Question 5

Improving the human race through selective breeding

Answer 5

Eugenics

Question 6

Which two findings came out of eugenics that were the most important for the history of psychology?

Answer 6

1. Intelligence tests
2. Statistical correlation

Question 7

Mathematical process for measuring the strength of the association between two imperfectly related variables

Answer 7

Statistical correlation

Question 8

The tendency for extreme scores on one of the compared variables to he associated with less extreme scores on the other

Answer 8

Regression toward the mean

Question 9

The percentage of a characteristics variability within a population that is determined by genetics

Answer 9

Heritability

Question 10

What are two reasons why heritability is not a definitive number?

Answer 10

1. Percentages refer to populations of people, which can vary a lot across groups
2. Heritability only refers to the variability of a characteristic