Chapter 8 Flashcards by Candice Unknown

how the body uses food to maintain health

nutrition

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a necessary substance that provides energy, promotes growth and health, and helps regulate metabolism

nutrients

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the process by which nutrients are broken down to be used by the body for energy, growth, and maintenance

metabolism

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the most essential nutrient for life

water

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without this a person can only live for a few days

water

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assist in the digestion and absorption of food, helps with waste elimination, also helps maintain normal body temperature

water

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supply the body with energy and extra protein. also provides fiber which is necessary for bowel elimination

carbohydrates

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are found in bread, cereal, potatoes, rice, pasta, vegetables, and fruits.

complex carbohydrates

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are found in sugars, sweets, syrups, and jellies

simple carbohydrates

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are a part of every body cell. are needed for tissue growth and repair

proteins

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sources include seafood, poultry, meat, eggs, milk, cheese, nuts, nut butters, peas, beans or legumes, and vegetarian meat substitutes from a variety of food sources

protein

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helps the body store energy. add flavor to food and are important for the absorption of certain vitamins

fats

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can increase cholesterol levels and the risk of some diseases, such as cardiovascular disease

saturated fats and trans fats

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can be helpful in the diet, and can decrease the risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes

mono-saturated fats and poly-unsaturated fats

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comes from animal sources, such as beef, butter, pork, fowl, fish and dairy products. and some plants sources, such as olives, nuts, and seeds

fats

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are substances needed by the body to function. the body cannot make most of these and can only be obtained from certain foods

vitamins

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they are carried and stored in body fat. Vitamins A, D, E, and K are…

fat soluble vitamins

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they are broken down by water in the body and cannot be stored. Vitamins B and C are…

water soluble vitamins

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helps builds bones, make hormones, and help in blood formation

minerals

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zinc, iron, calcium, and magnesium are examples of

minerals

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people have different nutritional needs depending upon their

age, gender, and activity level

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In response to increasing rates of obesity, the US Department of Agriculture developed _____ to help people build a healthy plate at mealtimes

MyPlate

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should make up half of a person’s plate

vegetables and fruits

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these types of vegetables have the best nutritional content

dark green, red, and orange vegetables

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food containing _______ help provide a feeling of fullness with fewer calories.

dietary fibers

helps the body form red blood cells

folic acid

is important for growth and repair of body tissues

Vitamin C

contains bran and germ, as well as endosperm

whole grains

retain on the endosperm

refined grains

the tissue within flowering plants

endosperm

brown rice, wild rice, bulgur, oatmeal, whole-grain corn, whole oats, whole wheat, and whole rye

whole grains

food rich in ______ reduce the risk of heart disease and other diseases and may reduce constipation

fiber

meat, poultry, seafood, eggs, beans, peas, soy products, vegetarian meat substitutes, nuts, and seeds are examples of

Proteins

provides nutrients that are vital for the health and maintenance of the body. nutrients include calcium, potassium, vitamin D, and protein.

milk

the relationship between the calories obtained from food and fluids consumed and the calories used during normal body functions and physical activity

calorie balance

people choose not to eat any animals or animal products, such as steak, chicken, butter, or eggs.

vegetarians or vegans (depending on what they eat)

residents who do not have any health problems that require a change in diet often eat a

regular diet

diets for people who have certain illnesses, conditions, or food allergies

therapeutic, modified, or special diets

residents who have high blood pressure, heart disease, or kidney disease may be placed on a

low sodium diet

Low Na

low sodium

NAS

No Added Salt

when fluid intake is greater than fluid output, body tissue become swollen with fluid. people with severe heart, disease or kidney disease may have trouble processing fluid.

fluid restricted diet

Restrict fluids

People who have kidney disease may be on

Low protein/ renal diets

people who have heart disease, or who have had a heart attack attacks are often prescribed a diet that is low and saturated fat. diet limits the intake of saturated fats.

low-fat diet

A diet that is low in sodium, fat, and cholesterol. as well as excess sugar

cardiac diet

some residents may need to reduce calories to lose weight or prevent weight gain. Resident may need to gain weight or increase calories just because of malnutrition, surgery, illness or fever.

modified calorie diet

Low-Cal or High-Cal

Modified calorie diet

Calories in carbohydrates are carefully controlled in the diet of residents who have diabetes. and should also avoid foods that are high in sugar because it can cause problems with insulin balance.

Diabetic Diet

NCS

no concentrated sweets

LCS

Low Concentrated Sweets

excludes all meat, fish, and poultry, but allows eggs and dairy products

lacto-ovo vegetarian diet

eliminates, poultry meats, fish, and eggs, but allows dairy products

lacto-vegetarian diet

omits all meat fish, poultry, and dairy products, but allows eggs

ovo-vegetarian diet

consist of only plant-based foods and eliminates all poultry, fish, eggs, and dairy products along with foods that are derived from animals, such as gelatin and honey

vegan diet

eliminates all meats and poultry, but allows fish and other seafood

pescatarian diet

usually ordered for a short time, doodle a medical condition or before or after a test or surgery

liquid diet

consist of foods that are in liquid state at body temperature

liquid diet

liquidize are usually ordered as

clear or full

includes clear juice, broth, gelatin, and Popsicles

clear liquid diet

includes all the liquid served on the clear liquid diet with an addition of cream soups milk, and ice cream

full liquid diet

soft in texture and consists of soft or chopped foods that are easier to chew and swallow

soft diet

consists of chopped or blended foods that are easier to chew and swallow

mechanical soft diet

a food means to blend or grind it into a thick paste of baby food consistency

puree

is often used for people who have trouble chewing and/or swallowing more textured foods

a pureed diet

nothing by mouth

NPO

occurs when a person doesn’t have enough fluid in the body

dehydration

occurs when the body cannot handle the fluid consumed

fluid overload

swelling caused by excess fluid in body tissues

edema

can help prevent weight loss, dehydration, loneliness, boredom, and malnutrition

socializing

the proper position for residents to eat

90 degrees angle

reclining chairs on wheels

geriatric chairs

difficulty in swallowing

dysphagia

may need to consume only thickened liquids and foods that have a modified texture

residents with difficulty swallowing

is thicker than water. it is the thickness of a thick juice, such as a tomato juice. a resident can drink this from a cup

Nectar Thick

has the thickness of honey and pours very slowly. a resident uses a spoon to consume it

honey thick

the liquid has become semisolid. a spoon should stand up straight when put into the middle of the drink. a resident uses a spoon to consume it.

pudding thick

inhaling food, fluid, or foreign material into the lungs is called

aspiration

How long should you keep resident upright after eating and drinking?

30 minutes

the intravenous infusion of nutrients administered directly into the bloodstream, bypass the digestive system

parenteral nutrition (PN)

the intravenous infusion of nutrients administered directly into the bloodstream, bypass the digestive system

parenteral nutrition (PN)

is inserted into the nose and goes to the stomach

nasogastric tube

is inserted into the nose and goes to the stomach

nasogastric tube

a feeding tube that is placed into the stomach through the abdominal

percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube

a surgically created opening into the stomach in order to insert a tube

gastrostomy

a resident with a feeding tube should always have the head of the bed elevated

30 degrees

during a feeding with a feeding tube the resident should remain in a sitting position with the head of the bed elevated at least

45 degrees

is something that signals that a person should do something

a cue

you put your hand over his to help with eating. with your hand placed over the residents hand, help him get food on the utensil

hand over hand approach