Chapter 8 Flashcards
Ireland
Who was Patrick Pearse?
A Republican who joined the Irish Volunteers and later helped to plan the Easter Rising
Which major Irish leaders advocated for participating in WW1?
John Redmond and Edward Carson
Why and how many broke away from the National Volunteers?
10,000 broke away, including Eoin MacNeill because they disagreed with the participation in WW1
What were the key figures involved in the Easter Rising?
Tom Clarke, Patrick Pearse, James Connolly and Sean McDermott
Why did the Easter Rising fail?
There was no German support as they had initially believed, the national uprising of local people did not happen and there was British military strength
How many people had been harmed during the Easter Rising?
450 people had died and 2,600 were wounded
Who was the Easter Rising condemned by within Ireland?
The Catholic Church, Redmond, and the more moderate nationalists
How were the Irish plotters and their conspirators handled?
15 were tried and shot, more than 3000 were arrested and some 1800 were sent to England and imprisoned without trial
Why did support for Sinn Fein significantly increase?
The Easter Rising was considered a Sinn Fein action, rising anger for the British
How did Lloyd George attempt to reach a compromise agreement?
He negotiated with both Redmond and Carson to secure a settlement known as ‘Heads of Agreement’ which granted home rule to 26 counties in Southern Ireland
How did Lloyd George mislead Carson and Redmond?
He told Redmond the separation would be temporary, and told Carson it would be permanent
How did elections suggest new-founded support for Sinn Fein?
Eamon de Valera was elected as Sinn Fein MP for East Clare
How much had Sinn Fein grown by 1917?
There were 1200 Sinn Fein clubs and 250,000 members
How did the Irish Nationalist Party take a stronger stance against Britain?
It marched out of Westminster in protest of conscription and for a time worked alongside Sinn Fein
How did the 1918 general election signal the end of the Irish Nationalist Party?
It won only 7 seats in comparison to Sinn Fein’s 73
What did the Sinn Fein MPs do instead of participating in Westminster?
They set up a ‘Dail Eireann’ which the argued was the true legislative of their independent Republic of Ireland
Who did the IRA form new leadership under?
Michael Collins
How did the British government handle the defiance of Sinn Fein?
They declared Sinn Fein illegal and sanctioned the special irregular force of ‘Black and Tans’
How many people were harmed during Bloody Sunday (11th November 1920)
12 were killed and 60 were wounded
Why was pressure for a political solution was growing?
The USA, League of Nations and the Dominion called for a change in policy, British press was critical, personal pleas from King George V and Archbishop of Cantebury
When was a truce agreed to?
11th July 1921
What did the December 1920 Government of Ireland Act accomplish?
It provided for a government in Belfast to govern the six counties of Ulster, with a similar parliament set up in Dublin
Why did the Sinn Fein reject the Government of Ireland Act?
They wanted complete independence for Ireland
What did Lloyd George propose in September 1921?
Ireland becomes a self-governing dominion of the British Empire, Britain would still use all Irish ports as naval bases, the six counties of Northern Ireland would continue as part of the UK
What was the new and final treaty called?
The Anglo-Irish Treaty 1921
