Chapter 8 Flashcards
Muscular Activation
involved in external expression of emotion
Emotion
increase/decrease in physiological activity paired with feelings
sympathetic NS
activates body during arousal (gets heart pumping)
Parasympathetic NS
shuts down body following arousal
James lange theory
emotional experience comes from physiological arousal that precedes it (smile = happy)
Cognitive theory
belief that identity of an emotion is based on cognitive assessment of a situation
Limbic system
network of structures arranged around upper brain stem (emotion = amygala, memeory = hippocampus)
Mirror neurons
neurons that fire both when we engage in a specific act and while observing the same act in others
Hypothalamus
primary control over autonomic system
amygdala
small limbic structure near lateral ventricle of temporal lobes (on = negative emotions) (off = positive emotions) (fear, anxiety)
Amygdala on
negative emotion
amygdala off
positive emotion
Insular cortex and basal ganglia
involved in digestion
insular
cortical project site for taste
basal ganglia
involved in motor functions
Anterior Cingulate cortex (ACC)
brain structure involved in attention, decision-making, impulse control, emotion
stress
environment that makes unusual demands on an organism
Hypothalamus- pituitary-adrenal axis
it releases stress hormone (cortisol)
Leukocytes
recognises invaders (by antigens: unique proteins, that every cell has) and kills them ASSASSINS
Hypothalamus- pituitary-adrenal axis
they say hey, you can stop now, but long term stress makes the brain stop listening
Macrophages
ingest invader and displays them on the outside of cell wall (it’s like putting its head on a pike for the other macrophages learn to eat that thing)
T cells
attracted by specific antigens (only kill viruses of one strand) (specific)
Natural killer cells
attack and kill cancer cells of virus infected cells
B cells
produce antibodies that attack a particular cell type (attack on cell type not antigens) (general)
Microglia
immunsystem of CNS (act like macrophages)
negative stress symptoms
memory issues, appetite changes, poor sex, no energy, bad mood, bad immunsystem, bad concentration
Sudden cardiac death
heart contacts so rapidly in pumps no (or little blood) brought on by stress
Type D ‘distressed’
personalit linked to increased risk of cardiovascular disease
Congenital insensitivity to pain
people dont sense pain
somatosensory cortex
primary pain projection
Prefrontal cortex role in pain
plans on how to stop pain
Aggression (ANIMALS)
forceful behaviour intended to hurt others
Aggression (HUMANS)
forceful behaviour intended to hurt others
Predatory Agression (animals)
animal attacks prey (emotionless)
Affective aggression ( animals)
aggression brought on by impulsive and emotional arousal (2 male deer fighting for female deer)
Proactive aggression (humans)
brings gain for aggressor (mugging someone)
Reactive aggression (humans)
aggression in response to threat (someone insults you, you punch them)
Amygdala (aggression)
detects and response to threats - emotional aggression
prefrontal cortex
moderates aggression with regard to amygdala (supposed to be rational and say “no lets not punch someone right now”
Hypothalamus
primary instigator of aggressive behaviour (all types)
Insula and anterior cingulate (when emotion is involved)
part of aggression structures
testosterone (aggression)
role in aggression (reduces impulse control)(harder to regulate emotion)
serotonin (aggression)
inhibitory, suppressing motivating behaviour
low serotonin
linked to impulsive aggression
cortisol
inhibitory to aggression
testosterone, serotonin, cortisol
all play roles in aggression together
