Chapter 5 Flashcards
Dependence
need to take drug to avoid withdrawal
tolerance
more drug required to produce same effect
Withdrawal
negative reaction when drug is stopped
addiction
need for obtaining drug, compulsive use, tendency to relapse
Opiate
drug derived from opium plant naturally
opioid
anything that acts like opiate, bind to opioid receptor
Opiates and Opioid
blocks pain, calming effect, sympathetic NS
Heroin
opiate, calming, pain blocker, SNS, withdrawal is opposite
Endogenous endorphines
opioids generated withtin the body
Depressants
drug that reduces Central nervous system activity (CNS)
sedative
calms
anxiolytic
reduces anxiety
hypnotic
relaxed state
alcohol
depressant, euphoria, reduces anxiety, motor impairments, blocks memory, GABA increase
barbiturate
depressant, GABA increase, increases inhibition
benzodiazepines
depressant, reduces anxiety, sedation, muscle relaxation, GABA increases
Delirium tremens
server alcohol withdrawal,
stimulants
activates CNS, produces arousal, alertness, and elevated mood
Cocaine
stimulant, euphoria, reduce appetite, increase alertness, relives fatigue
Amphetamines
stimulant, produce euphoria, increase confidence, and concentration
Nictoine
stimulant, relaxes, tranquillises, decreases appetite, withdrawal = anxiety, headaches, lightheadness
Bath salts
stimulant, causes psychosis, deleria, can kill you
caffeine
stimulant, produces arousal, increased alertness, decrease sleepiness
Psychedelic drug
compounds that cause preceptual distortion in the user
Serotonergic
psychedelic drug, acts on seritione, sensory distortions
Catecholaminergic
psychedelic drug, also a stimulant, more social, higher sexual arousal, hallucinogenic,
NMDA receptor agonists
psychhedelic drug, pat of glutamate, disorientation, hallucination
Designer Drugs
psychedellic drugs, dangerous
Marijuana
long term uses reduces brain volume, effects memory and emotional regulation,
mesolimbic pathway
reward circuit
ventral tegmental area
sends dopamine to nucleus accumbens, all drugs someohow increase dopamine in nucleus accumbens
mesocorticolimbic dopamine system
system consisting of ventral tegmental area, and brain regions receiving it;s dopamine (nucleus accumbens, preforntal cortex, amygdala, hippocampus
hypofrontlity
reduced activity in frontal regions that control working memory, behavioural inhibition, response to enviroment,
comorbidity
2 disease relating at the same time
agonist treatment
replace one drug with another drug in similar effect (nicotine for caffiene)
methadone
synthetic opioid, treats opioid addiction (need drug less often when used)
antagonist treatments
involve drug that blocks effects of the addicting drug (they take drug nothing happens)
aversion treatment
negative reaction when they take drug
antidrug vaccines
molecules attach to drug and stimulant immusystme to make antibodies to destroy the drug
Type 1 alcoholic
cautious, emotionally deoendant, older then 25, they don’t drink then binge, then feel guilty (environment cause)
Type 2 alcoholic
confident, emotional attached, young, drink consistently, never guilty (purely genetic)
Methylation
methyl group attaches to DNA which suppresses genes activity
