Chapter 8

Question 1

Any assessment technique used by a clinical psychologist should possess the qualities of ____________, __________, and ___________.

Answer 1

validity, reliability, clinical utility

Question 2

An assessment technique has __________ to the extent that it measures what it claims to measure.

Answer 2

validity

Question 3

The technique has ____________ to the extent that it yields consistent, repeatable results.

Answer 3

reliability

Question 4

Assuming the technique is used in clinical settings, it should provide ______________. Even the most valid and reliable test ever created wouldn’t be helpful to a clinical psychologist if it didn’t benefit the clinician and, ultimately, the client in some meaningful way.

Answer 4

clinical utility

Question 5

An element wherein clinical psychologists provide their clients with the results of tests or interviews that have been conducted

Answer 5

Feedback

Question 6

The ___________________ of the clinical psychologists focus on the interviewer’s own frame of mind rather than any particular set of techniques.

Answer 6

general skills

Question 7

The general skills of a clinical psychologist are:

Answer 7

• quieting yourself
• being self-aware
• developing positive working relationships

Question 8

It is the extent to which the assessment technique measures what it claims to measure.

Answer 8

Validity

Question 9

It is the extent to which the assessment technique has content appropriate for what is being measured.

Answer 9

Content validity

Question 10

It is the extent to which the assessment technique correlates with other techniques that measure the same thing.

Answer 10

Convergent validity

Question 11

It is the extent to which the assessment technique does not correlate with techniques that measure something else.

Answer 11

Discriminant validity

Question 12

It is the extent to which the assessment technique yields consistent, repeatable results.

Answer 12

Reliability

Question 13

It is the extent to which the assessment technique yields similar results across multiple administrations at different times.

Answer 13

Test-retest reliability

Question 14

It is the extent to which the assessment technique yields similar results across different administrators.

Answer 14

Interrater reliability

Question 15

It is the extent to which the assessment technique consists of items that are consistent with one another.

Answer 15

Internal reliability

Question 16

It is the extent to which the assessment technique improves delivery of services or client outcomes.

Answer 16

Clinical utility

Question 17

The term _____________________ does not simply mean that the interviewer shouldn’t talk much during the interview (although rambling by the interviewer is usually not a good idea). Rather than the interviewer’s speech, what should be quieted is the interviewer’s internal, self-directed thinking pattern.

Answer 17

quieting yourself

Question 18

It should not be confused with the excessive self-consciousness. It is the interviewer’s ability to know how he or she tends to affect others interpersonally and how others tend to relate to him or her

Answer 18

Being self-aware

Question 19

There is no formula for ________________________________________ during an interview; however, attentive listening, appropriate empathy, genuine respect, and cultural sensitivity play significant roles

Answer 19

developing positive working relationships

Question 20

A primary task of the interviewer is to listen. Listening may seem like a simple enough task, but it can be broken down into even more fundamental building blocks of _________________________.

Answer 20

attending behaviors

Question 21

These are the attending behaviors:

Answer 21

• Eye contact
• Body language
• Vocal qualities
• Verbal tracking
• Referring to the Client by the Proper Name
• Observing Client Behaviors

Question 22

____________ not only facilitates listening, but it also communicates listening. That is, when the client notices the interviewer’s continuous, appropriate ___________________, the client feels heard.

Answer 22

eye contact

Question 23

A few general guidelines for this attending behavior include facing the client, appearing attentive, minimizing restlessness, and displaying appropriate facial expressions.

Answer 23

Body language

Question 24

Skilled interviewers have mastered the subtleties of the ______________ of language—not just the words but how those words sound to the client’s ears. They use pitch, tone, volume, and fluctuation in their own voices to let clients know that their words and feelings are deeply appreciated.

Answer 24

vocal qualities

Question 25

Interviewers skilled at ________________ monitor the train of thought implied by clients’ patterns of statements and are thus able to shift topics smoothly rather than abruptly. They are able to repeat key words and phrases back to their clients to assure the clients that they have been accurately heard.

Answer 25

verbal tracking

Question 26

Components of the Interview

Answer 26

- Rapport - Technique - Conclusions

Question 27

Techniques during Interview

Answer 27

- Directive Versus Nondirective Styles - Specific Interviewer Responses

Question 28

It refers to a positive, comfortable relationship between interviewer and client

Answer 28

Rapport

Question 29

If rapport is how an interviewer is with clients, __________ is what an interviewer does with clients. These are the tools in the interviewer’s toolbox, including questions, responses, and other specific actions.

Answer 29

technique

Question 30

Interviewers who use a/an _____________ get exactly the information they need by asking clients specifically for it. These questions tend to be targeted toward specific pieces of information, and client responses are typically brief, sometimes as short as a single word (e.g., “yes” or “no”).

Answer 30

directive style

Question 31

Interviewers who use a/an ___________________ allow the client to determine the course of the interview. Without direction from the interviewer, a client may choose to spend a lot of time on some topics and none on others

Answer 31

nondirective style

Question 32

There are numerous common categories of interviewer responses, namely:

Answer 32

- Open- and Closed-Ended Questions - Clarification - Confrontation - Paraphrasing - Reflection of Feeling - Summarizing

Question 33

_________________________ allow for individualized and spontaneous responses from clients. These responses tend to be relatively long, and although they may include a lot of information relevant to the client, they may lack details that are important to the clinical psychologist.

Answer 33

Open-ended questions

Question 34

__________________ allow for far less elaboration and self-expression by the client but yield quick and precise answers.

Answer 34

Closed-ended questions

Question 35

The purpose of a/an _____________ question is to make sure the interviewer has an accurate understanding of the client’s comments. These questions not only enhance the interviewer’s ability to “get it,” they also communicate to the client that the interviewer is actively listening and processing what the client says.

Answer 35

clarification

Question 36

Interviewers use _______________ when they notice discrepancies or inconsistencies in a client’s comments. Confrontations can be similar to clarifications, but they focus on apparently contradictory information provided by clients.

Answer 36

confrontation

Question 37

Unlike clarifying or confronting, it is not prompted by the interviewer’s need to resolve or clarify what a client has said. Instead, __________________ is used simply to assure clients that they are being accurately heard.

Answer 37

paraphrasing

Question 38

Whereas a paraphrase echoes the client’s words, a ______________________ echoes the client’s emotions. These are intended to make clients feel that their emotions are recognized, even if their comments did not explicitly include labels of their feelings

Answer 38

reflection of feeling

Question 39

_________________ usually involves tying together various topics that may have been discussed, connecting statements that may have been made at different points, and identifying themes that have recurred during the interview.

Answer 39

Summarizing

Question 40

Pragmatics of the Interview

Answer 40

- Note Taking - Audio and Video Recordings - The Interview Room - Confidentiality

Question 41

Types of Interviews

Answer 41

- Intake Interviews - Diagnostic Interviews - Mental Status Exam - Crisis Interviews

Question 42

The purpose of the __________________ is essentially to determine whether to “intake” the client to the setting where the interview is taking place. In other words, it determines whether the client needs treatment; if so, what form of treatment is needed (inpatient, outpatient, specialized provider, etc.); and whether the current facility can provide that treatment or the client should be referred to a more suitable facility.

Answer 42

intake interview

Question 43

The purpose of the _________________ is to diagnose. At the end of it, the interviewer is able to confidently and accurately assign Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) diagnoses to the client’s problems.

Answer 43

diagnostic interview

Question 44

A/An __________________ is a predetermined, planned sequence of questions that an interviewer asks a client. These are constructed for particular purposes, usually diagnostic.

Answer 44

structured interview

Question 45

A/An ___________________, in contrast, involves no predetermined or planned questions. In these interviews, interviewers improvise: They determine their questions on the spot, seeking information that they decide is relevant during the course of the interview

Answer 45

unstructured interview

Question 46

It is the most prominent structured interview for DSM-5 diagnosis. It was created by some of the leading authors of recent editions of the DSM, and it is essentially a comprehensive list of questions that directly ask about the specific symptoms of the many disorders included in the DSM

Answer 46

Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 Disorders (SCID)

Question 47

In actual practice, quite a few clinical psychologists blend both structured and unstructured approaches to conduct an interview that may be labeled as a partially structured or _________________________.

Answer 47

semistructured interview

Question 48

The _____________ is commonly used in hospitals and medical centers to quickly estimate a client’s current level of functioning at the time of evaluation.

Answer 48

mental status exam

Question 49

The __________________ is a special type of clinical interview and can be uniquely challenging for the interviewer. Their purposes extend beyond mere assessment. They are designed not only to assess a problem demanding urgent attention (most often, clients actively considering suicide or another act of harm toward self or others) but also to provide immediate and effective intervention for that problem.

Answer 49

crisis interview