Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Clinical Psychology > Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards AP® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

Much of the practice and research conducted by clinical psychologists focuses on ___________________, also known as mental disorders, psychiatric diagnoses, or, more broadly, psychopathology.

A

Abnormality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What defines abnormality?

A
  • personal distress to the individual
  • deviance from cultural norms
  • statistical infrequency
  • impaired social functioning
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

_____________________, a renowned scholar in the field of abnormal psychology, offered a theory that put forth a more simplified definition of mental disorders.

A

Jerome Wakefield

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The ______________________________ proposes that in our efforts to determine what is abnormal, we consider both scientific (e.g., evolutionary) data and the social values in the context of which the behavior takes place.

A

harmful dysfunction theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

In DSM-5, __________________ is defined as a “clinically significant disturbance” in “cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior” that indicates a “dysfunction” in “mental functioning” that is “usually associated with significant distress or disability” in work, relationships, or other areas of functioning

A

mental disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

It should come as no surprise that the DSM reflects a/an ___________________________ in which each disorder is an entity defined categorically and features a list of specific symptoms.

A

medical model of psychopathology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The first edition of the DSM, published in _____________, was created by the foremost mental health experts of the time, who were almost exclusively white, male, trained in psychiatry, at least middle age, and at least middle class.

A

1952

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

This section describes conditions that DSM authors decided to leave out of the list of “official” disorders, at least for now, but to list as “unofficial” conditions for the purpose of inspiring clinicians and researchers to study them more

A

Propose Criteria Set

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

________________ wrote extensively about abnormality, but unlike most of his predecessors, he did not offer supernatural explanations such as possession by demons or gods. Instead, his theories of abnormality emphasized natural causes. Specifically, he pointed to an imbalance of bodily fluids (blood, phlegm, black bile, and yellow bile) as the underlying reason for various forms of mental illness.

A

Hippocrates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

DSM-II followed as a revision in the year _______.

A

1968

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

DSM-I and DSM-II contained only three broad categories of disorders namely:

A
  • psychoses
  • neuroses
  • character disorders
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

DSM-III, published in ________, was very dissimilar from DSM-I and DSM-II

A

1980

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Unlike DSM I and DSM II, DSM III used specific __________________ to define disorders.

A

diagnostic criteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

DSM III introduced the _________________________ system that remained in DSM through the next several editions but was dropped in DSM 5.

A

multiaxial assessment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

In the multiaxial assessment, __________ included disorders thought to be more episodic (likely to have beginning and ending points)

A

Axis I

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

In the multiaxial assessment, __________ included disorders thought to be more
stable or long-lasting.

A

Axis II

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

In the multiaxial assessment, __________ offered clinicians a place to list medical conditions and psychosocial/environmental problems, respectively, relevant to the mental health issues at hand

A

Axis III and IV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

In the multiaxial assessment, Axis V is known as the ___________ scale, provided clinicians an opportunity to place the client on a 100-point continuum describing the overall level of functioning.

A

Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

In _________, DSM-5 was published. It was the first substantial revision of the manual in about 20 years, and it was a massive effort.

A

May 2013

20
Q

The publication of DSM 5 was led by two prominent mental health researchers, ________________ and _______________.

A

David Kupfer and Darrel Regier

21
Q

It is the primary way that diseases—both mental disorders and all other health-related problems—are coded and categorized in many countries outside the United States

A

International Classification of Diseases (ICD)

22
Q

A new disorder in DSM-5, which is essentially a severe version of premenstrual syndrome (PMS), including a combination of at least five emotional and physical symptoms occurring in most menstrual cycles during the last year that cause clinically significant distress or interfere with work, school, social life, or relationships with others.

A

Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)

23
Q

A new disorder in DSM-5, which is essentially frequent temper tantrums in children 6 to 18 years old (at least three tantrums per week over the course of a year) that are clearly below the expected level of maturity and occur in at least two settings (e.g., home, school, or with friends) along with irritable or angry mood between the temper tantrums. The creation of this new diagnosis was prompted by the drastic increase in the diagnosis (and possible overdiagnosis and overmedication) of bipolar disorder in children in recent decades.

A

Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD)

24
Q

A new disorder in the DSM-5, which resembles the part of bulimia nervosa in which the person overindulges in food but lacks the part in which the person tries to subtract the calories through compensatory behaviors like excessive exercise.

A

Binge eating disorder (BED)

25
Q

A new disorder in the DSM-5, which is essentially a less intense version of major neurocognitive problems like dementia and amnesia. It requires modest decline in such cognitive functions as memory, language use, attention, or executive function, but nothing serious enough that it interferes with the ability to live independently.

A

Mild neurocognitive disorder (mild NCD)

26
Q

A new disorder in the DSM-5, which involves a combination of at least one significantly disruptive bodily (somatic) symptom with excessive focus on that symptom (or symptoms) that involves perceiving it as more serious than it really is, experiencing high anxiety about it, or devoting excessive time and energy to it

A

Somatic symptom disorder (SSD)

27
Q

A new disorder in the DSM-5, in which the person has continuing difficulty discarding possessions no matter how objectively worthless they are and, as a result, lives in a congested or cluttered home and experiences impairment in important areas such as work, socialization, or safety.

A

Hoarding disorder

28
Q

(Revised Disorders in DSM-5) The “______________________________” formerly included in the diagnostic criteria for major depressive episode was dropped. To explain, previous editions of DSM featured a statement that major depression could not be diagnosed in a person who was mourning the death of a loved one during the first two months following the death. The decision to drop this statement in DSM-5 means that now the diagnosis can be given to people who lost a loved one within the past 2 months, but only if the clinician determines that the symptoms (sadness, changes in sleeping and eating, etc.) exceed expectations based on the person’s own history and culture.

A

bereavement exclusion

29
Q

(Revised Disorders in DSM-5) The DSM-IV diagnoses of autistic disorder, Asperger’s disorder, and related developmental disorders were combined into a single DSM-5 diagnosis: ________________________.

A

autism spectrum disorder

30
Q

In the criteria for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), the age at which symptoms must first appear was changed from 7 to ____ years old, and the number of symptoms required for the diagnosis to apply to adults was specified as _____ (as opposed to six for kids)

A

12, five

31
Q

In the criteria for bulimia nervosa, the frequency of binge eating required for the disorder was dropped from twice per week to _____________.

A

once per week

32
Q

The two separate DSM-IV diagnoses of substance abuse and substance dependence have been combined into a single diagnosis in the DSM-5: _________________________.

A

substance use disorder

33
Q

Mental retardation was renamed __________________ in the DSM-5.

A

intellectual disability

34
Q

Learning disabilities in reading, math, and writing were combined into a
single diagnosis in the DSM-5 with a new name: ______________________.

A

specific learning disorder

35
Q

Obsessive-compulsive disorder was removed from the _______________ category and placed into its own new category, Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, which also includes trichotillomania (hair-pulling), excoriation (skin-picking), and body dysmorphic disorder

A

Anxiety Disorders

36
Q

The category of Mood Disorders was split into two: ____________________ (in which mood is singularly sad) and _________________________ (in which mood alternates between sadness and mania)

A

Depressive Disorders, Bipolar and Related Disorders

37
Q

The majority of the commentary surrounding DSM-5 was critical, and the most vocal critic was __________________, who was the chair of the Task Force for DSM-IV.

A

Allen Frances

38
Q

The primary criticism of DSM-5, which is a continuation of a complaint of recent DSMs, is that its diagnoses cover too much of normal life—in other words, too often it takes difficult or inopportune life experiences and labels them as mental illnesses.

A

Diagnostic overexpansion

39
Q

Controversy Surrounding DSM-5

A
  • Diagnostic overexpansion
  • Transparency of the revision process
  • Membership of the work groups
  • Field trial problems
  • Price
40
Q

Criticisms of the DSM

A
  • Breadth of Coverage
  • Controversial Cutoffs
  • Cultural Issues
  • Gender Bias
  • Nonempirical Influences
  • Limitations on Objectivity
41
Q

It is falsely reporting that a client has a DSM diagnosis when in fact they fall short of the criteria (or reporting that a client has a more severe diagnosis than they warrant).

A

Upcoding

42
Q

DSM has always offered a/an __________________ to diagnosis. It refers to the basic view that an individual “has” or “does not have” the disorder—that is, the individual can be placed definitively in the “yes” or “no” category regarding a particular form of psychopathology.

A

categorical approach

43
Q

According to this approach, the issue isn’t the presence or absence of a disorder; instead, the issue is where on a continuum (or “dimension”) a client’s symptoms fall.

A

dimensional approach

44
Q

An example of dimensional approach that measures personality disorders—neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, and conscientiousness.

A

five-factor model of personality

45
Q
A

Clinical Psychology (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions