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Psych 1200 > Chapter 8 > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Flashcards

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1
Q

Where is emotion in the brain?

A

There is no single location in the brain emotion is localized to

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2
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3
Q

What is emotion?

A

A temporary state that involves unique subjective experiences and psychological activity to prepare people for action

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4
Q

What are feelings?

A

A closeness of ones feelings to one another

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5
Q

What is the map of emotions?

A

It estimates location and distance between emotions on two dimensions: valence and arousal

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6
Q

What are appraisals?

A

A conscious or unconscious evaluation and interpretations of emotion relevant parts of a stimulus

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7
Q

What are action tendencies?

A

A readiness to engage in a specific set of emotion-relevant behaviours (anger leads to approach)

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8
Q

Explain the James-Lange theory

A

A stimuli triggers activity in the ANS which produces an emotional experience in the brain

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9
Q

Explain the Cannon-Bard theory.

A

Thoughts and emotions occur at the same time but are independent from physiological activity

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10
Q

What challenges James-Lange theory?

A

Some of our emotional experiences happen before our bodily experiences do, other factors can cause bodily responses that don’t involve emotions, for the theory to work every human emotion would have to be associated with a specific bodily response

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11
Q

Explain Stanley Schachter and Jerome Singers two factor theory.

A

Any stimulus that triggers a specific emotion will trigger a specific bodily reaction, referred to as the physiological finger print

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12
Q

What argues the two factor theory?

A

That single bodily responses do not underline all emotions

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13
Q

What role does the amygdala play in emotion?

A

The amygdala is a threat detector that evaluates the emotion-relevant aspects of a stimulus

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14
Q

What is the fast pathway of fear?

A

Stimulus -> thalamus -> amygdala, means a person may experience an emption without knowing why

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15
Q

What is the slow pathway of fear?

A

Stimulus -> thalamus -> cortex -> amygdala

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16
Q

What is emotional expression?

A

An observable sign of someones emotional state

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17
Q

Explain the universality hypothesis

A

Emotional expression is a language universally spoken and understood, and all expressions means the same thing to all people

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18
Q

Explain the facial feedback hypothesis.

A

People use their own emotions to identify others emotions

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19
Q

What did Wood and colleagues (2016) discover?

A

That the more diverse a culture is the more easily the facial expressions of its members can be understood by members of other cultures

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20
Q

Explain what Amit Goldberg and colleagues (2021) found.

A

When we look at a sea of faces we tend to pick out the most extreme emotions, leads to over estimation of the whole crowds emotions

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21
Q

What are display rules?

A

Norms for the control of appropriate emotional expression, different cultures use same technique with different rules

22
Q

Define Intensification.

A

Exaggerating emotional expression

23
Q

Define deintensification

A

Muting emotional expression

24
Q

Define Masking

A

Expressing one emotion while feeling another

25
Q

Define neutralizing

A

No expression of the emotion one is feeling (poker face)

26
Q

What are the reliable muscles?

A

Muscles that our body cannot fake when expressing true emotion (crinkling of the eyes when smiling)

27
Q

What are some symptoms of liars?

A

Slower speech, longer response time, fewer details, less engaging, tenser

28
Q

Why are people poor lie detectors?

A

Cues are difficult to observe, there is a predisposition to believe people are telling the truth, most people do not know the signs of liars

29
Q

What is motivation?

A

An internal cause of purposeful behaviour

30
Q

What is an instinct?

A

According to William James, an instinct is an innate natural tendency to seek a particular goal

31
Q

Why do behaviourists reject instinct?

A

Complex behaviours are learned and not hard wired by nature, all behaviour could be fully explained by the external stimuli that caused them

32
Q

Explain the drive-reduction theory

A

Suggests that organisms are motivated to reduce their drives

33
Q

Explain the hedonic principle.

A

All people are motivated to experience pleasure and avoid pain

34
Q

What is reappraisal?

A

The process of changing ones emotional experience by changing the meaning of the emotion causing experience (is a skill that can be learned)

35
Q

What are the hierarchy of needs triangle in order?

A

Need for self-actualization, esteem needs, belongings and love needs, safety and security needs, psychological needs

36
Q

What switches the experiences of hunger on?

A

Orexingenic, releases ghrelin in the stomach and activates lateral hypothalamus

37
Q

hat switches off the feeling of hunger?

A

Anorexigenic, releases hormone leptin from fat cells and activates ventromedial hypothalamus

38
Q

Explain the binge eating disorder

A

Recurrent and uncontrolled episodes of eating a large amount of calories in a short amount of time

39
Q

Explain the bulimia nervosa eating disorder.

A

Caused by binge eating followed by purging

40
Q

Explain the anorexia nervosa eating disorder

A

Caused by the intense fear of being fat resulting in severe restriction of food intake

41
Q

What causes eating disorders?

A

Genetics, psychological, environmental/cultural

42
Q

What causes obesity?

A

Environmental toxins, excess “good bacteria” in gut, leptin resistance, lack of exercise and overeating

43
Q

What hormones play key roles in sexual desire?

A

DHEA (responsible for onset of sexual desire), testosterone (men), estrogen (women)

44
Q

What is the order of human sexual response cycle?

A

Excitement, plateau, orgasm, resolution

45
Q

What are biological motivators?

A

Food, sex, oxygen, sleep (are shared with animals)

46
Q

What are psychological motivations?

A

Unique (limitless)

47
Q

What is conscious motivation?

A

Motivations one is aware of

48
Q

What is unconscious motivation?

A

Motivation one is not aware of

49
Q

What is Achievement motivation?

A

The desire to experience a sense of accomplishment by meeting ones goals

50
Q

What is approach motivation?

A

Motivation to experience positive outcomes

51
Q

What is avoidance motivation?

A

Motivation to not experience negative outcomes (more powerful, people take more risks to avoid loss)

52
Q

What is loss aversion?

A

The tendency to care more about avoiding loss then achieving equal sized gains

53
Q

Explain terror management theory.

A

Humans cope with our existential terror by developing a cultural world view

Psych 1200 (4 decks)

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