Chapter 8 Flashcards

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1
Q

basic unit of all forms of life

A

Cell

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2
Q

fundamental concept of biology that states that all living things are composed of cells; that cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things; and that new cells are produced from existing cells.

A

Cell theory

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3
Q

thin, flexible barrier that surrounds all cells; regulates what enters and leaves the cell.

A

Cell membrane

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4
Q

in cells, structure that contains the cell’s genetic material in the form of DNA.

A

Nucleus

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5
Q

organism whose cells contain a nucleus.

A

Eukaryote

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6
Q

unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus.

A

Prokaryote

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7
Q

fluid portion of the cell outside the nucleus

A

Cytoplasm

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8
Q

cell organelle consisting of RNA and protein found throughout the cytoplasm in a cell; the site of protein synthesis.

A

Ribosome

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9
Q

internal membrane system found in eukaryotic cells; place where lipid components of the cell membrane are assembled.

A

Endoplasmic Reticulum

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10
Q

organelle in cells that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and other materials from the endoplasmic reticulum for storage in the cell or release outside the cell.

A

Golgi apparatus

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11
Q

cell organelle that stores materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates.

A

vacuole

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12
Q

cell organelle that breaks down lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins into small molecules that can used by the rest of the cell.

A

lysosome

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13
Q

organelle found in cells of plants and some other organisms that captures the energy from sunlight and converts it into chemical energy.

A

Chloroplast

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13
Q

cell organelle that converts the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use.

A

MItochondrion

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14
Q

strong, supporting layer around the cell membrane in some cells.

A

cell wall

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15
Q

macromolecule made mostly from carbon and hydrogen atoms; includes fats, oils, and waxes.

A

lipid

16
Q

property of biological membranes that allows some substances to pass across it while others cannot; also called semipermeable membrane.

A

Selectively Permeable

17
Q

relatively constant internal physical and chemical conditions that organisms maintain.

A

Homeostasis

18
Q

process by which particles tend to move from an area where they are more concentrated to an area where they are less concentrated.

A

Diffusion

19
Q

diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane.

A

osmosis

20
Q

when the concentration of two solutions is the same.

A

isotonic

21
Q

when comparing two solutions, the solution with the greater concentration of solutes

A

Hypertonic

22
Q

when comparing two solutions, the solution with the lesser concentration of solutes

A

Hypotonic

23
Q

group of similar cells that perform a particular function.

A

Tissue

24
Q

a group of tissues that work together to perform a specific function.

A

Organ

25
Q

group of organs that work together to perform a specific function.

A

Organ system