Chapter 8 Flashcards
basic unit of all forms of life
Cell
fundamental concept of biology that states that all living things are composed of cells; that cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things; and that new cells are produced from existing cells.
Cell theory
thin, flexible barrier that surrounds all cells; regulates what enters and leaves the cell.
Cell membrane
in cells, structure that contains the cell’s genetic material in the form of DNA.
Nucleus
organism whose cells contain a nucleus.
Eukaryote
unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus.
Prokaryote
fluid portion of the cell outside the nucleus
Cytoplasm
cell organelle consisting of RNA and protein found throughout the cytoplasm in a cell; the site of protein synthesis.
Ribosome
internal membrane system found in eukaryotic cells; place where lipid components of the cell membrane are assembled.
Endoplasmic Reticulum
organelle in cells that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and other materials from the endoplasmic reticulum for storage in the cell or release outside the cell.
Golgi apparatus
cell organelle that stores materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates.
vacuole
cell organelle that breaks down lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins into small molecules that can used by the rest of the cell.
lysosome
organelle found in cells of plants and some other organisms that captures the energy from sunlight and converts it into chemical energy.
Chloroplast
cell organelle that converts the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use.
MItochondrion
strong, supporting layer around the cell membrane in some cells.
cell wall
macromolecule made mostly from carbon and hydrogen atoms; includes fats, oils, and waxes.
lipid
property of biological membranes that allows some substances to pass across it while others cannot; also called semipermeable membrane.
Selectively Permeable
relatively constant internal physical and chemical conditions that organisms maintain.
Homeostasis
process by which particles tend to move from an area where they are more concentrated to an area where they are less concentrated.
Diffusion
diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane.
osmosis
when the concentration of two solutions is the same.
isotonic
when comparing two solutions, the solution with the greater concentration of solutes
Hypertonic
when comparing two solutions, the solution with the lesser concentration of solutes
Hypotonic
group of similar cells that perform a particular function.
Tissue
