Chapter 8

Question 1

STP

Answer 1

273K, 1 atm, 22.4L

Question 2

ideal gas

Answer 2

no IMF, no volume

Question 3

real gas

Answer 3

deviates from ideal at high P or low V

Question 4

ideal gas Law

Answer 4

PV=NRT

R= 8.21x 10^-2 = 8.314 J/Kmol

Question 5

density

Answer 5

=m/v, PM/RT

Question 6

combined gas law

Answer 6

PV/T= P2V2/T2

Question 7

avagadros principle

Answer 7

at constant T and P, gases have volume proportional to number of moles of gas

n/v=k, n1/v1=n2/v2

Question 8

Boyles Law

Answer 8

PV=K, P1V1= P2V2

Question 9

Charles Law

Answer 9

at constant P, V is proportional to abs. temp

V/T=K, V1/T1= V2/T2

Question 10

Gay Lussacs Law

Answer 10

P/T= K, P1/T1= P2/T2

Question 11

Dawtons law of partial pressure

Answer 11

gases behave independently of each other

Ptotal = Pa + Pb +Pc…

Pa= Xa (Pt)

where Xa= MOLES A/ TOTAL

Question 12

Henrys law

Answer 12

[A]= Kh x Pa

[A1]/ P1 = [A2]/ P2 = Kh

at different pressures, concentration changes

Question 13

Kinetic molecular theory

Answer 13

Gases have particles with negligible volumes

gas molecules have no IM attractions or repulsions

particles collide, and are in constant random motion

collisions are elastic- conserve KE and momentum

Average KE is proportional to abs. temp - same for all gases at a given temp

Question 14

Ke of gas

Answer 14

Ke= 1/2 mv^2 = 3/2 kb T

Question 15

Maxwell curve

Answer 15

distribution of gas speed at a given temp

shift right as temp increases

Question 16

Graham Law

Answer 16

diffusion is high to low concentration and more mass means move slower

diffusion rate= r

r1/r2= sqrt (M2/M1)

at constant T and P

Question 17

effusions

Answer 17

flow under pressure through small opening

at same temp, is proportional to speed