Chapter 4

Question 1

atomic weight

Answer 1

average mass of isotopes

Question 2

molecular weight

Answer 2

sum of atomic weights in amu

Question 3

formula weight

Answer 3

ionic, add atomic weights of ions based on empirical formula

Question 4

mole

Answer 4

quantity equal to number of particles in 12g of C-12

equals 6.022x10^-23

1 mole is the mass of molecular/ formula weight

Question 5

Molar mass

Answer 5

mass of 1 mole (1g/mol)

mass of sample (g) / molar mass (g/mol)

Question 6

equivalents

Answer 6

how many moles of interest will one mole of compound produce

Question 7

gram equivalent weight

Answer 7

amount of compound in grams that makes one equivalent of interest

gram equivalent weight= molar mass/ n

n= number of particles of interest

Question 8

normality

Answer 8

equivalents per liter

Question 9

molarity

Answer 9

moles per liter

normality per n

n= number of ions

Question 10

law of constant composition

Answer 10

any pure sample of a compound has the same identical mass ratio

Question 11

empirical formula

Answer 11

simplest whole number ratio

Question 12

molecular formula

Answer 12

multiple of empirical formula

Question 13

percent composition

Answer 13

% of element by mass in a compound

=mass of element in formula/ molar mass

Question 14

how to find percent composition

Answer 14

determine moles

divide by simplest whole number

convert to whole numbers (empirical formula)

to find molecular, divide molar mass by empirical formula weight and multiply value

Question 15

how to find formula when given molecular mass

Answer 15

multiple mm by given % and divide by atomic weight to get molecular formula

Question 16

combustion reaction

Answer 16

oxidation of fuel (hydrocarbon) produces CO2 and water

Question 17

neutralization

Answer 17

double displacement with acid and base -> forms salt and water

Question 18

how to balance equations

Answer 18

mass, charge, number of atoms conserved

go from least to most represented element

Question 19

STP

Answer 19

1 mole of ideal gas at 22.4 L

Question 20

Limiting reagent

Answer 20

used first, limits amount of product formed

compare amount of product each makes

grams to mole, mole conversion, then moles to grams

Question 21

percent yeild

Answer 21

actual/ theoretical x100%

Question 22

ionic bonds

Answer 22

holds ionic compounds via electrostatic attractions

Question 23

naming ionic bonds

Answer 23

-ous= less charge
-ic= more charge

monatomic= -ide
polyatmoic= ite (less ox) -ate (more ox)