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mental illness > Chapter 8 > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three main diagnoses of EDs from the DSM?

A

Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia nervosa, Binge-eating disorder

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2
Q

What are eating disorders characterized by?

A

Preoccupations with food and weight, usually differences in perceptions of their own bodies

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3
Q

What is the time of life with the highest prevalence of EDs?

A

mid to late adolescence

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4
Q

What has the highest mortality rate of any psychiatric illness?

A

Anorexia nervosa - 10% of those diagnosed die within 10 years of onset

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5
Q

What is body image?

A

How people think about and act towards their bodies

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6
Q

In the DSM 5 what are the two features core to the experience of EDs?

A
  1. disturbance of eating or eating related behaviours
  2. changed eating behaviour which significantly impacts health or functioning
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7
Q

What is the diagnostic criteria for anorexia nervosa?

A

Over a period of at least three months
- behaviours (food restriction, purging, misuse of meds, over exercising…)
- powerful fear of gaining weight, becoming fat
- inaccurate perception of body size, overestimate
- denial of seriousness of condition and impact
- potentially life threatening

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8
Q

What is the diagnostic criteria of bulimia nervosa?

A
  • food restriction, binging, purging -> to prevent weight gain
  • cycle of behaviours at least once a week for at least three months
  • extreme feelings of shame->hide behaviours->more guilt
  • often are average weight, experience fluctuations
  • associated with depression, self harm, suicidality
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9
Q

What is the diagnostic criteria of binge eating?

A
  • consumption of an unusually large amount of food over a short period of time (different from overeating)
  • psychological distress
  • feels out of control about what they are eating, how much, and when able to stop
  • does not feature compensating behaviours
  • occurs at least once a week for at least three months
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10
Q

What is Avoidant Restrictive Food intake disorder?

A
  • residual
  • infancy or childhood, may involve trauma
  • avoidance of types/textures/colours of food
  • impair nutrition
  • no body dissatisfaction or preoccupations with weight/shape
  • can lead to AN or BN
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11
Q

What is rumination disorder?

A
  • Residual
  • consistent, effortless regurgitation of chewed and/or partially digested food over a period of at least one month - may be symptom of AN or BN
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12
Q

What is Pica?

A
  • Residual
  • persistent consumption of non food items over a period of at least one month - normal during childhood… term to describe presence in other life stages
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13
Q

How does Other Specified Feeding or Eating Disorders differ from An, BN, and BED?

A

minor differences in diagnostic criteria

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14
Q

What is Anorexia athletica?

A
  • overexercise to the point of neglecting other priorities
  • used to control body shape and weight
  • used to provide sense of power, control, self-respect
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15
Q

What are some controversies with anorexia athletica?

A
  • would be common in professional athletes…
  • our culture could be seen as actively promoting this type of disorder
  • might glamourize and pathologize this potential disorder
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16
Q

What is orthorexia?

A
  • not recognized in DSM 5
  • obsessive focus on food
  • eating foods only to be healthy
    relying only on natural remedies for illness
  • finding more pleasure following food rules than experience of food itself, feelings of despair when failing
  • may result in social isolation and ill health
17
Q

What is Body Dysmorphic disorder?

A
  • under OCD…
  • preoccupation with appearance - focusing on non existent or minor flaws
  • mirror checking, grooming, skin picking…
  • preoccupation impairs daily functioning
  • subtypes proposed
18
Q

What are treatment plans for EDs?

A
  • multidisciplinary
  • many types of therapy (CBT, psychoanalysis, nutritional education, equine therapy)
  • treat both somatic and psychological
  • normalize eating = key goal
  • often need to gain weight = challenging
  • concurrent treatment for other mental disorders may be necessary
19
Q

How are physiological symptoms addressed in treatment?

A
  1. normalize eating
  2. learn to eat without dieting
  3. education about the behavioural, physical, and cognitive effects of ED behaviours
20
Q

How are psychological symptoms addressed in treatment?

A
  1. focusing on individual causes
  2. acknowledging and promoting body appreciation and acceptance
21
Q

What are the causes and risk factors associated with EDs?

A
  • Class and Culture (historically white, middle class, young women… may be because of underdiagnosing in other groups… internalization of beauty ideals in this group)
  • Internalization of the Ideal ( body dissatisfaction + internalization of beauty standards being thin…. thin associated with happiness, desirability, status….)
  • Social Media (media and peer influence.. promote unrealistic body images…)
  • Sports pressures (sports emphasize appearance, size, weight, shape… individual performance… low body weight… elite athletes)
  • Environmental factors (childhood maltreatment (physical /sexual violence), peer network and pressure, perfectionist tendencies..)
  • Biological factors (strong genetic component but no single gene)
  • Sex and gender (women more likely diagnosed… gender role endorsement)
22
Q

What is Gender role endorsement

A

the extent to which an individual closely identifies with particular norms associated with gender
(female = thinness orientation, masculine = muscularity)

23
Q

What are current issues and controversies with how society tries to deal with EDs?

A
  • fashion industry responds to critiques of underweight models and photoshop
  • restaurants not include calorie counts to go against obesity
  • body positive sites sharing stories
  • social media perpetuating ED behaviours (ex: pro ana)
24
Q

What is body image?

A

How people see, think, feel, and act towards their bodies

25
Q

What is positive body image?

A
  • Body appreciation (more than just appearance, it does function and health)
  • disentangle association of self worth with appearance
  • building media literacy - understand images are often manipulated and fabricated
26
Q

Does body image exist independently of negative body image, can you experience both simultaneously?

A

Yes, and it is important to consider for treatment

mental illness (16 decks)

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