Chapter 12

Question 1

What are the important sources of critiques on western biomedical models of psychiatry?

Answer 1

1. people who have experienced it
2. drawing attention to systemic and structural violence in individualized biomedicine

Question 2

Why is it important the list of self identifiers grow?

Answer 2

reflect resistance to use system imposed diagnostic categories as labels

Question 3

What is wrong with system imposed diagnostic categories as labels

Answer 3

homogenous and essentializing (characterize a trait as intrinsic to someone)

Question 4

What do pathology oriented identity categories do?

Answer 4

rationalize violence and restrict people’s freedoms and rights

Question 5

What is sanism

Answer 5

irrational prejudice against those with mental illness

Question 6

What are 2 features that highlight commonalities in historical and social contexts?

Answer 6

colonialism and imperialism
- racism, sanism, eugenics, ableism

Question 7

What are many scholars and activists now doing to build alliances upon solidarity of marginalized groups?

Answer 7

focusing on common experiences of exclusion and oppression

Question 8

What is the model that remains dominant in psychiatry? why?

Answer 8

western psychiatric models
- *an ongoing drive to find a material (somatic) basis for mental illness

Question 9

What is ontology?

Answer 9

Our understanding of what mental illness is, what counts as mental disease/disorder/illness

Question 10

What is Epistemology?

Answer 10

What we know and how we know what we know

Question 11

What is lived experience

Answer 11

unique, person-entered knowledge, insight, and expertise

Question 12

What influences what ideas are ‘correct’ about mental illness?

Answer 12

cultural concepts or power structures

Question 13

What did Hippocrates do

Answer 13

• argued that madness had biological cause, previously was thought that madness was spiritually caused
• imbalance of four humours
• *influenced treatment of madness into 19th century

Question 14

What are the four humours

Answer 14

• black bile
• yellow bile
• blood
• phlegm

Question 15

What happened as the church and Christianity gained power in Europe

Answer 15

spiritual explanations for madness more dominant

• *to control madness
• • power to confine

Question 16

What were a growing industry related to madness

Answer 16

for profit madhouses, asylums, prisons

• developed in response to enlightenment (knowledge from reason, scientific treatment)

Question 17

What is pathology and when did it arise

Answer 17

19th century
- physicians connect physical changes with illness

• **can rarely see visible structural abnormalities in mental illness… biological model = dominant

Question 18

What is the biomedical model considered

Answer 18

a model of reality and for reality

• aura of factuality

Question 19

How is the biomedical model a model of reality and for reality

Answer 19

• a worldview… not proven

Question 20

How is psychiatry like a cultural system

Answer 20

expresses a view of world and provides guidance on how to act or function

Question 21

What are critiques of biomedical model

Answer 21

1. a myth?
2. means of social control and surveillance
3. inequities in power and control
4. colonialism

Question 22

What is anti psychiatry?

Answer 22

• challenge mainstream psychiatry
• sees diagnosing and labelling as form of social and political control
• mental illness = political issue
• context and dynamics shape understandings and responses
• value in critiques

Question 23

How does mainstream psychiatry respond to anti psychiatry

Answer 23

• defensive
• anti-psychiatry” used to dismiss and trivialize critiques, while marginalizing critics

Question 24

What is the critical psychiatry movement

Answer 24

• analyze social role and ideas of profession
• avoid polarization
• more holistic construct than just the brain
• mainstream is part of problem by objectifying and reducing problems to brain

Question 25

What is the technological paradigm

Answer 25

categorical, mechanistic, causal logic

Question 26

How is western psychiatry inherently racist?

Answer 26

• excludes other systems of knowledge
• POC more likely to be involuntary admitted to psychiatric care, diagnosed, deemed violent

Question 27

Where is racism in psychiatry

Answer 27

• professional education
• within profession itself

Question 28

What is needed to deal with racism in psychiatry?

Answer 28

• critical perspective
• attention to systemic issues
• human rights
• address structural issues

Question 29

is cultural competence a good response to racism

Answer 29

no, insufficient

Question 30

What is the value of people who have experienced or been diagnosed in mad studies?

Answer 30

• counter expertise
• highlights value of their experience/perspective
• foregrounded
• challenges to our assumptions can be considered