Chapter 8

Question 1

Visible Minority

Answer 1

“Persons, other than Aboriginal people, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour”

Question 2

Race

Answer 2

As biological entities ‘Race’ doesn’t exist, but still
matters!
* ‘Social mechanism’ – for ranking, dividing, controlling
* Allows social inequality to be created and perpetuated

Question 3

Ethnic group

Answer 3

composed of people whose perceived cultural markers are socially significant

Question 4

Racialization

Answer 4

The process in which people are viewed and judged essentially different in terms of their intellect, their morality, their values, and their worth because of differences of physical type or cultural heritage

Question 5

Master narrative

Answer 5

is the story a nation tells about itself to celebrate its past and present.

Question 6

The Powley Test (2003)

Answer 6

Determines whether FN and Métis people
can hunt without a license, “moderate livelihood”

Question 7

Construction

Answer 7

Construction of certain groups of people as
biologically superior or inferior

Question 8

Prejudice

Answer 8

the pre-judgment of others on the basis of their group membership

Question 9

Discrimination

Answer 9

acts by which individuals are treated differently – rewarded or punished – based on their group
membership

Question 10

Power

Answer 10

manifested where institutionalized advantages are regularly handed to one or more groups over others

Question 11

Racial Bigotry:

Answer 11

open, conscious expression of racist views by an individual

Question 12

Institutional or Systemic Racism:

Answer 12

racist practices, rules, and laws that have become
part of the system

Question 13

Polite, Smiling, or Friendly Racism

Answer 13

racism hidden behind smiles or words that seem
friendly; microaggressions – casual remarks

Question 14

Institutional Discrimination

Answer 14

Occurs when normal operations and
procedures of social institutions result
in unequal treatment of minorities

Question 15

John Porter; “Vertical Mosaic: An Analysis of Class and Power in Canada” (1965)

Answer 15

Examined inequality in Canada
* Ranking in Canada among ethnic groups
* White, English, Protestants at the top in terms of
wealth, position/status, and power
* Indigenous people at bottom

Question 16

Racial Profiling

Answer 16

Actions undertaken supposedly for reasons of
safety, security, or public protection, based on
racial stereotypes rather than on reasonable
suspicion, to single out an individual for greater
scrutiny or different treatment

Question 17

Essentialism (primordialism)

Answer 17

View that every ethnic group is made
up of standardized traits that have
been carried down from the past to
the present with little or no change
1. Assumed: static view of culture
2. Assumed: change comes only from
outside forces

Question 18

Colonialism

Answer 18

the economic and political exploitation of a weaker country or people by a stronger one

Question 19

Postcolonialism

Answer 19

Theoretical framework that analyzes the
destructive impact of colonialism on both
the colonizer and the colonized
* Applied to study situations involving indirect
rule,

Question 20

Epiphenomenal

Answer 20

describes a secondary
effect or phenomenon that arises from, but
does not causally influence, a separate
phenomenon

Question 21

Instrumentalism

Answer 21

focuses on emerging ethnicity rather than on long-established ethnic characteristics

Question 22

Ethnic Entrepreneurs

Answer 22

mobilize ethnicity for gain