Chapter 1 Flashcards
The Sociological Imagination
Connection between how society works and how it affects our personal lives (5th Dimension)
Confucius
Chinese philosopher role model in leadership, family, gov’t
Ibn Khaldun
North African Arab scholar, made “an Introduction to History” - The first sociologist?
Auguste Comte
Created the term “sociology” - real first sociologist, laws of human behavior
Positivism
experiment, measurement, observation
Harriet Martineau
First woman sociologist, Equality of woman, Wrote “society in America”
Herbert Spencer
Introduced Natural Selection “Survival of the fittest”
Social Structure Elements (4)
- Roles, 2. Statuses, 3. Groups, 4. Institutions
Social Institutions
an established and enduring pattern of social relationships
Structural Functionalism
Organic or biological analogy for society, Various ‘structures’ of society and the ‘functions’ that structures perform to maintain the social system
Emile Durkheim’s “Social Facts”
social forces in environment that exist out of anyone individual. eg, Values, culture norms
The 3 Characteristics of Every Social Fact
- Developed prior to and separate from you as an individual
- It can be seen as a characteristic of a particular group
- It involves a constraining or coercing force that pushes individuals into acting a particular way
The 3 types of functions that an structure can produce
- Manifest function - intended
- Latent Function - unintended
- Latent Dysfunctions - unintended and negative
Conflict Perspective’s 4 C’s
Conflict, Class, Contestation, Change
