Chapter 8

Question 1

Social Support

Answer 1

a feeling of being cared for and having support and assistance from people around us, including family, friends and romantic partners
- informational
- instrumental
- Emotional

Question 2

Informational social support

Answer 2

others giving advice or ideas to help people find strategies or resources to better cope with life events

Question 3

Instrumental social support

Answer 3

involves others providing tangible assistence in terms of money, goods, or service

Question 4

Emotional social support

Answer 4

occurs when we feel nurtured and/or cared for by others

Question 5

Tend-and-befriend coping strategy

Answer 5

nurturing and protecting others in times of stress and developing social networks that facilitate these patterns

Question 6

active constructive responding

Answer 6

a way to respong when someone shares good news, and it involves reacting enthusiastically and asking follow-up questions to prolong the conversation and sense of conversation and sense of excitement

Question 7

co-rumination

Answer 7

when emotional support crosses over into extensively discussing problems and dwelling on negatives in conversation with another person

Question 8

Friendships men

Answer 8

side to side contact –> doing activities together

Question 9

Friendships women

Answer 9

Face-to-face contact –> center around getting to know eachother well and experiencing concern for eachother

Question 10

relational aggression

Answer 10

involves damaging others’ existing or potential relationships and/or social status

Question 11

girls tend to aggress against other girls

Answer 11

• Girls have less power than boys, so their only viable targets for aggression are other girls –> reinforces patriarchy by increasing conflict among girls
• Girls learn to behave ‘good’, so they aggress in subtle ways that don’t obviously violate the ‘good girl’ expectation

Question 12

Identity-based bullying

Answer 12

relation aggression that is directed toward people who are actual or perceived members of a devalued social group of that group membership

Question 13

dating scripts

Answer 13

the lessons about romance that we absorb from popular culture
- Heteronormative

Question 14

consensually non-monogamous relationships

Answer 14

committed romantic relationships that are intentionally non-monogamous

Question 15

polygamy

Answer 15

involves one husband having many wives

Question 16

content of conversations

Answer 16

• Topical: centers on things like politics, current events, work, movies, etc. which are external to the individuals and their relationship
• Relational: Centers on discussions about the friendship
• Personal: Centers on feelings, thoughts and one’s private life
  Conversations between women are more likely than between men to include personal and relational content
• Men consider topical conversations to be most important and primarily confine their conversations to the topical level

Question 17

What factors might contribute to differences other than gender

Answer 17

• Work and home: those who stay at home have less engagement
• Race and Class: Friendship as solidarity
• Age: Duration of friendship erases differences
• Marital Status: Unmarried men more likley to maintain close friendships with men and women
• Homophobia: the fear of being perceived as gay
• Miller and Rubin: Male respondents associate friendship and homophobia