Chapter 8

Question 1

Complete Electron Configuration

Answer 1

Groups 1&2 = s
Transition Metals = d
Groups 3-8 = p
Lanthanoids & Actinoids = f
H-Fr = 1-7
# in row = exponent

Question 2

Noble Gas Electron Configuration

Answer 2

[nearest past noble gas] Complete Electron Configuration

Question 3

Create Orbital Diagrams

Answer 3

1.) Create boxes ( 1 for s, 3 for p, 5 for d, 7 for f)
2.) Fill out each box with up & down arrows for electrons
FILL EACH BOX BEFORE PAIRING

Question 4

Identify Valence Electrons

Answer 4

Electrons in the outermost principal energy level
For Groups the number of valence electrons is the group number

Question 5

Hierarchy of Energy Levels

Answer 5

Bottom: 1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d 4p …

Question 6

Identify Core Electrons

Answer 6

Electrons in lower shells

Question 7

Identify whether an atom is paramagnetic or diamagnetic

Answer 7

Paramagnetic: Atom has unpaired electrons
(Some boxes of orbital diagram have 1 arrow)
Diamagnetic: All electrons of an atom are paired
(All boxes of orbital diagram are filled with 2 arrows)

Question 8

Periodic Trends

Answer 8

Atomic Radius
Inc: v or <-
Dec: ^ or ->

Cations smaller than neutral atoms
Greater positive charge = smaller cation

Anions larger than neutral atoms
Larger negative charge= larger anion

Question 9

Isoelectronic Species

Answer 9

Ions and atoms with the same electron configuration

Question 10

Great Advances in Science

Answer 10

Quantum mechanics explain how electrons are arranged in atoms which determines their element’s properties which supports Mendeleev’s organization of the periodic table